A Level System Supports Positive Behavior

A level system for behavior contract is in many ways a sophisticated system for improving and shaping students long term behavior. By establishing levels, much as in a rubric for academic performance, you can shape students behavior by slowly increasing the expectations for meeting each level. This system is particularly good for secondary students, and can help a student in a single class or across classes. Creating a Level System Choosing Behaviors to Monitor Begin by identifying which behaviors will pull the cart of the students behavior. In other words if you successfully identify behaviors that are pivotal for improving a students over all performance and behavior in your class, focus on them. Behaviors need to be explicit and measurable, although data collection is not your primary focus. Still, avoid general, subjective terms like respectful, or attitude. Focus on the behaviors that will eliminate the attitude. Instead of shows respect for peers you need to identify the behavior as Waits to be called on or Waits rather than interrupts peers. You cannot tell your students what to feel. You can tell them what their behavior should look like. Choose 4 or 5 behaviors that will define the levels: i.e. PunctualityConforming to rules.Completing assignments,Participation Some people would include listening but I find that some secondary students who appear to be ignoring the teacher may actually be listening. You can ask for certain kinds of academic behavior that show whether a student has been attending or not. You cannot actually see students listening. Define the Behaviors for Each Level Describe what is excellent, good, or poor punctuality. Excellent may be on time and ready to learn. Good might be on time. And poor would be late or tardy. Determine Consequences for the Students Behavior Positive consequences can be given weekly or daily, depending on the age and maturity of the student or the intensity or inappropriateness of the behavior. For students with grossly inappropriate behavior , or who have a long way to go, you may want to reward performance daily. As a student participates in a behavior support program, over time, you want to thin reinforcement as well as spread it out so that students learn eventually to evaluate their own behavior and reward themselves for appropriate behavior. Consequences can be positive (a reward) or negative (loss of privileges) depending on the number of excellents or the number of poors each student earns. Decide Who will Provide the Reinforcement I would try to get parents to do the reinforcing if at all possible. Secondary students are especially gifted at working teachers against parents or parents against teacher. When you have parents on board, you are more likely to get the cooperation of a student. It also make lessons learned in school generalize to the students home. There is also nothing wrong with double dipping, providing one level of reward at school (i.e. a privilege earned for so many excellents) and another at home (a trip to a preferred restaurant with the family for so many excellents in a week, etc.) Evaluate and Re-evaluate Eventually, your goal is for students to learn to self-evaluate. You want to Fade from supporting the students behavior. You want to achieve these by. Increasing the time you evaluate, from daily to weekly.Raise the level of behavior you want the student to exhibit for each behavior (especially academic behavior. Tools for a Level Behavior System A Contract: Your contract needs to lay out the who, what, where, when, how of your system. Who: The students who will perform the behavior, the parent(s) who will reinforce the appropriate behavior and the teacher(s) who will evaluate the students behavior.What: Behavior you want to see increase. Remember, keep it positive.Where: all classes, or just one where the student is struggling? Do mom and want to continue the plan at home? (include levels for cleaning the room, say, or touching base with parents when out with friends?)When: Daily? Each period? Weekly? Remember to make it often enough to quickly increase the behavior, but understand that you will eventually be thinning reinforcement by spreading the incidence of reinforcement over longer intervals.How: Who is the evaluator? Will you give the student input on evaluation, or will it all be on you? Monitoring Tools: You want to create a tool that will make it easy for you or for general education teachers who may be evaluating students. I offer you models for A contract for a single class with a key.A blank contract for a single class.A week for a self contained program.A week for multiple classes.

Explicit Instruction in Task-Based Language Teaching

Explicit Instruction in Task-Based Language Teaching Abstract How to teach grammar has always been a controversial topic in the history of second language acquisition. In recent years, the discussion has been focused on whether to use explicit or implicit way to teach grammar. The on-going trend of language teaching is to combine communicative skills and language forms together. But how to immerse the focus on form into communicative language teaching is still an unsolved problem. I joined a teaching experiment about explicit and implicit instruction when I was working in Michigan State University Confucius Institute. 40 American high school students were divided into two groups and each group were under explicit or†¦show more content†¦This position was supported by Carroll’s (1967) and Saegert’s (1974) studies which shows that the learners who study in a natural language environment have higher language ability than those who study under form-focused unnatural environment. Peter McCandless and Harris Winitz (1986) a lso compared the effects of meaning-oriented explicit instruction and traditional explicit instruction on the students’ ability to speak German. And it turned out that the students who received implicit instruction performed better on a speech-production task. And in another study by Winitz (1996), the students who were exposed to implicit instruction also performed better in judging sentences grammatical or ungrammatical than the students who were exposed to explicit instruction. 2 Explicit instruction Researchers who support explicit instruction (Thornbury, 1990; Scott Randall, 1992), however, hold that learning grammar rules on purpose can help learners use language effectively and correctly. They consider the target language as a knowledge system which could be mastered through instructors’ explanation and learners’ practice. In classroom teaching, explicit instruction usually applies the way of deduction, in which teachers introduce and explain the grammar rules on purpose; and then lead the students to practice in certain environment. Since the end of 1980s, researchers found thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Recasts And Prompts On Francophone Learners944 Words   |  4 Pagespractices, learners would be given either recasts or prompts to errors regarding his and her, or no CF in the control group. Participants were assessed three times: pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The researchers discovered that instruction and exposure plus CF are more effective than those without CF. No technique is better than the other since prompts are more effective than recasts for lower-proficiency students while high-proficiency students benefit from both equally. 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The Coca Cola Company Free Essays

string(78) " the syrup into cans or bottles and there is no usage of water or sweeteners\." The Coca-Cola Company| MGT-100| Joanne Rupe Subject: MGT 100| Word Count: 3291| Due Date: 27. 11. 2012| Table of Contents 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Coca Cola Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction5 2. Mintzberg Roles6 2. 1 Entrepreneur6 2. 2 Leader6 2. 3 Figurehead6 3. Henri Fayol – Principles7 3. 1 Initiative7 3. 2 Equity7 3. 3 Unity of Direction7 4. Weber – Principles8 4. 1 Division of Labour8 4. 2 Promotion and Selection based on Merit8 5. Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage9 5. 1 Efficiency9 5. 2 Effectiveness9 5. 3 Performance and Quality9 5. 4 Innovation10 5. 5 Customer Service10 6. Management Science Theory11 6. 1 Total Quality Management11 . 2 Quantitative Management11 6. 3 Operations Management12 6. 4 Management Information System12 7. Organisation Structure13 8. Barriers to Entry Competition14 9. Organizational Environment14 9. 1 Social Variables14 9. 3 Communities and Governments14 9. 4 Competitors15 9. 5 CEO15 9. 6 S. W. O. T Analysis15 10. Factors of Organisational Culture16 11. Managing Change Diversity16 11. 1 Organisational Change16 11. 2 Diversity Awareness Program16 11. 3 Managing Diversity17 12. Organisational Ethics17 13. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)17 14. Managing Leadership18 4. 1 Transformational Leadership18 14. 2 Transactional Leadership18 15. Managing Motivation19 15. 1 Theories19 16. Managing Decision Making19 16. 1 Decision Making Within Coca-Cola Company19 17. Conclusion20 18. References21 1. Introduction Coca-Cola is one of the most known and used beverages throughout the world. The brand is consumed by daily basis in over 200 countries. However not everyone is aware of what the company stands for and how it functions. This report will explain how the company operates and how they follow the different managerial steps to achieve their goals. It will also inform which type of structure they use to remain successful. 2. Mintzberg Roles 2. 1 Entrepreneur Asa Candler tasted, bought and decided to market Coca-Cola as a soft drink instead of a headache tonic (Bellis, n/d, Para. 3). Not only did he change the way they advertised and sold the product, according to Gunderson (2009, Para. 1) Asa Candler made the CCC grow into a global giant thanks to his great marketing skills using celeberty endorsments, free samples to pharmacists costumers and the way they guarded their secret formula. 2. 2 Leader The leader role is shared between the 17 boards of Directors in the Coca-Cola Company, although the Chairman of the board and CEO Muhtar Kent are shown as a front figure and role model (Coca-Cola1, 2012, Para. 3). As found in Coca-Cola1 (2012, Para. 2) the company sees Muhtar Kent as a leader that will lead them into the new century thanks to a firm commitment to both the values and spirit of the world’s greatest brand. 2. 3 Figurehead Coca-Cola1 (2012, Para. 2) gives the impression that Muhtar Kent is seen both as a leader and a figurehead for the corporation. He both leads the company in to a brighter future and the rest of the employees look at him for inspiration and help. Because he is the chairman of the board and the CEO he gives a feeling of inspiration, legal and ceremonial obligations. 3. Henri Fayol – Principles 3. 1 Initiative According to Coca-Cola2 (2012, Para. 2) the CCC frequently has an open dialog with their employees about what is new right now. During these discussions the CCC asks about what consumers like/dislike, what distributors think, how improvement can be made, and if they’re losing market space against competitors. By having these sorts of meetings Coca Cola always motivates employees to be a part of the company, to take initiative and speak up. It also teaches employees to be creative and help the company grow. 3. 2 Equity As stated in Coca-Cola3 (2012, Para. 1) they are dedicated to maintain very important principles regarding International Human ; Workplace Rights everywhere they do business. As of 2005 Coca-Cola3 (2012, Para. 2) they began working with the former UN Special Representative for Business and Human Rights and professor John Ruggie to develop principles for a framework in respecting human rights in a business context. . 3 Unity of Direction The CCC explains global changes and aims to thrive as a business over the next ten years, looking forward and adapting to the changes (Coca-Cola4, 2012, Para. 1). Their mission is explained in Coca-Cola4 (2012, Para. 2) and points out three special goals: To refresh the world, to inspire moments of optimism and happiness and to create value a nd make a difference. The vision of the CCC is something that is taken very seriously. In Coca-Cola4 (2012, Para. 3) it is clearly described what the company think it should accomplish to be able to substain quality growth. * 4. Weber – Principles 4. 1 Division of Labour CCC’s management is divided into three main leadership factions; Board of Directors, Operations Leadership and Senior Functional Leadership (Coca-Cola1, 2012, Para 3-5). Under these Leadership roles are middle and bottom line management, as well as employees in areas including Supply Chain Function, Manufacturing, Technical Function, Marketing, Sales Account Management, Customer and Commercial Leaders, Business Management, Finance, Public Affairs ; Communications, Human Resources, Legal, IT, Business ; Administrative Services and Aviation. Journey Staff, 2012, p. 1) 4. 2 Promotion and Selection based on Merit Within the aforementioned career areas CCC provides opportunities and support for employees through Individual Development Plans. This is made up of on the job experience (70%), exposure to case studies, role models and mentoring (20%) and attending courses (10%). Combined, CCC aims to focus and develop on the skills and c ompetencies that are needed and beneficial within the company, as well as with other career opportunities. (Coca-Cola? , 2012, Para. 1) 5. Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage . 1 Efficiency The CCC is efficient in the way they distribute because they only produce the syrup concentrate, according to Love (2011, Para. 2). The concentrate is sold to the bottlers all over the world and it is the bottlers who has to finish the product by adding water and sugar. It is a good way of keeping the costs down, because there is no expenses putting the syrup into cans or bottles and there is no usage of water or sweeteners. You read "The Coca Cola Company" in category "Essay examples" This also simplifies their job to keep the formula of coke as a secret (Coca-Cola5, 2011, Para. 6) 5. Effectiveness There is one major disadvantage by only producing the syrup, which is that the drink tastes different all over the world. Huffington (2012, Para. 2) explains that each country has their own filte red water and uses different types and amounts of sugar. However the secret formula prevents other competitors from copying their recipe, which is an effective way by only producing the concentrate. The way CCC provides different volumes is an effective way of reaching out to more and diverse customers. 5. 3 Performance and Quality The company are working towards the high expectations through their operating requirement group called KORE (Coca-Cola6, 2012, Para. 1-3). The most important effort in this program is done by outlining strong regulations, policies, programs and specifications to lead all operations with accuracy. The key is constant monitoring and clear communication while reporting new statistics to the top managers. 5. 4 Innovation The CCC is always trying to follow the global trends and adapt to customer needs by creating the right beverage that suits different groups. Coca-Cola (2011, Para. ) informs that they created low calorie drinks such as Cola Zero and Cola Light to alure both genders in separate approach. They create health drinks to provide the new generation and athletes with what they want. It is not just about making carbonated soft-drinks anymore, they are following the steps taken by human nature to meet the new standards of life. 5. 5 Customer Service The CCC has many employees to k eep track on and Antenna (Para. 1) explains how the the company are increasing their distribution and deliveries of beverages by effective management. The company use (AMP) Antenna Mobility Platform to use the field employees as â€Å"human mobile offices† to keep them cohesive, prepared and efficient. This method allows the company to accomplish real-time responsiveness to customers and high levels of workforce productivity, according to Antenna (Para. 2). The result of it is also that both managers and employees improve their communication and collabotation as they can react quicker to changes that occur. 6. Management Science Theory 6. 1 Total Quality Management According to Coca-Cola6 (2012, Para. 4) KORE guarantees the consistency of their business quality. They are accurate in following terms and conditions made by the different departments. They use strict rules and policies to monitor performance and to prevent inaccuracies within manufacturing. KORE arrange meetings with staff members to discuss questions and matters that concerns requirements and feedback to increase quality. Coca-Cola (20126, Para. 5) explains that the information is always available for the whole department to find out the goals, process, work instructions and worksheets related to the specific area of members. 6. 2 Quantitative Management In â€Å"Figure 1† Stephen (2009) shows where the highest consumptions are made. This quantitative information helps the company to work harder in specific areas where the brand is weak. Figure 1 – Worldwide Coca-Cola Consumption Figure 2 – Coke or Pepsi? In â€Å"Figure 2† Y-N (2008) are giving the information telling the company of what sort of beverage is most common in a specific country. This enables the company to analyse the competitors and how the CCC can grow in the market. 6. 3 Operations Management The CCC makes sure their interns and potential employees finishes an intership program called SCOM (Supply Chain Operations Management), (Coke-Consolidated, Para. 2). SCOM gives them the education and experience to master manufacturing and production. Also to learn about supply chain planning, transport, delivery, sales and warehouse management. It is about integrating them with the ideas and processes. The Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated (CCBCC) explains about their concern of operation management: â€Å"At CCBCC, we strive to recruit the most talented, motivated people to continue to grow our outstanding team and develop into key members of our business to ensure that CCBCC will continue to lead the i1ndustry and set the bar for the rest of the beverage industry. (Coke-Consolidated, nd, Para. 4) 6. 4 Management Information System Case-Studies (2009, Para. 1) states that ISS (Information System Services) is their main department to monitor other informational groups such as CCBCC. The way of tracking files and archives is done by using EPM (Microsoft Office Enterprise Project Management) which is used as their informational technology. E PM makes CCBCC work and study their economics precisely and manage their recourses more efficiently in order to make decisions and complete goals in a reduced amount of time. They evaluate details like project costs, time, functions and efforts (Case-Studies, 2009, Para. 2). This helps them to gather information to create solutions, discover benefits, and achieve goals in the different criteria’s. 7. Organisation Structure CCC uses both the mechanistic view of the contingency theory within the factory environment and an open systems approach within their sales department. Business, marketing and sales strategies are decided by the management and then carried out by the employees. From the managers under Muhtar Kent comes the instructions and strategies that then is fed down into the supervisors and then to the employees. Coca-Cola introduced, the â€Å"Plant Bottle†, (Coca-Cola Company; Plant Bottle Benefits, 2012, Para 1). The introduction of this product was a decision made by the board, later carried out under the supervision of managers and finally sold by employees and sales people for Coca-Cola. This is an example of a hierarchical structure which is typical of the mechanistic structure. An Open System approach is used for marketing and sales within CCC. CCC needs to be able to use the raw materials and input from the external environment to produce goods and services that impact the external environment (George et al, 2012, p54). After the Tohoku Earthquake 2011, Japan had to reduce power usage. With one vending machine for every 25 people, Japan saved over 10 million kilo watts of energy by turning them off (Coca-Cola-Company, 2012, Para 5). CCC created a vending machine called the â€Å"Impossible Vending Machine† that uses half the energy than the others. This gives them a competitive advantage over other vending machine companies within Japan (Coca-Cola-Company, 2012, Para 9). 8. Barriers to Entry ; Competition Due to Coca-Cola’s success in the industry, strong entry for new competitors is quite limited. The company has such broad market exposure, with products being sold in over 200 countries (Coca-Cola, 2012), that most new companies would not have any kind of effect on market trends. Competition with CCC rests primarily in brands already in the market such as Schweppes and Nestle. For new brands entering the market economies of scale are large, especially due to the fact that CCC experiences small economies of scale. The risks for new or existing companies to create or expand their products are high. With CCC’s prominence and brand recognition it is their biggest asset. As a result, it would take a great deal of time or money to enter the beverage market successfully, and possibly longer still for adequate brand recognition. 9. Organizational Environment 9. 1 Social Variables People are getting concerned about their health. The population whom are reaching a higher age will decrease their amount of carbonated drinks. Meanwhile there are people who are only interested in their own wellness and fitness. Coca-Cola (2010, Para. 1) explains how they are strongly aiming towards an active and healthy lifestyle by offering other soft drinks, such as Juice and PowerAde. They enlighten the customers to be more active by exercising more. 9. 2 Political ; Legal According to Grynbaum (2012, Para. 1) the New York City Board of Health approved a ban on large sized sodas from being sold at restaurants, cinemas and street carts. This means that the amount of Coca-Cola bottles larger than 16oz (47cl) is going to decrease in sales. 9. 3 Communities and Governments The governments want to keep the world â€Å"green† and the CCC are applying this request by using their â€Å"2020 Vision† (Coca-Cola2, 2012, Para 1). The company are taking responsibility towards the global environment in the way of replenishing water and manufacturing environmentally friendly bottles (Coca-Cola7, n/d, Para. 1). This is a way of helping communities which are in great need of water. 9. 4 Competitors The competitors are forced to be innovative because of CCC’s large market share. CCC has to keep being innovative and release new additions to their portfolio. This as an measure to prevent loss of marketshare. 9. 5 CEO The biggest internal influence in the CCC comes within the CEO, Muhtar Kent. Everything that has to do with future ideas and projects originates from him. Ignatius (2011, Para. 1) informs how Mr Kent is keen to meet the future global demands and how important it is for him to impact the CCC by applying the â€Å"vision† into every single member. Mr Kent controls the attitude, values and foundations of how the CCC should behave as an organisation not just towards the customers, but towards the global changing environment. 9. 6 S. W. O. T Analysis * Social Variables – Threat People will stop drinking Coca-Cola at a certain age which results in decreased revenue. The CCC is forced to create new products to adapt to the change in environment. * Political ; Legal – Threat This is a direct threat and limits the sales on larger soft drinks. The volume of Coca-Cola sold will decrease. The customers can no longer chose drinks bigger than 16oz. Communities and Governments – Opportunity The way the company is being responsible and helpful towards the environment gives them goodwill and an advantage if certain legal laws would appear on environmental behaviour. Instead of being forced to change, they set the example on how to behave. * Competitors – Threat Pepsis innovative thinking puts pressure on the CCC. If a competitor creates a product that responds to customer needs it will give them competitive advantages. The CCC might lose market share as a result. * CEO – Strength The role of a CEO could be a great weakness. However Muhtar Kents way of innovative thinking and leadership qualities brings confidence and inspiration towards shareholders, employees and customers. Mr Kent as a CEO is a great strength. 10. Factors of Organisational Culture The CCC boasts a culture of being One Company, One Team, One Passion (Coca-Cola Company5; 2012, Para. 1). This is shown in the way they describe their ‘unique culture’ which includes; nurturing talent and skill sets that will add to the company’s value, encouraging socialisation and building relationships with colleagues to increase motivation in worker and foresting creativity (Coca-Cola Company5, 2012, Para. -4). The values that the CCC and Muhtar Kent have put in place to create the organisation’s culture for their employees as a guide of how to behave include; Leadership, collaboration, integrity, accountability, passion, diversity and quality (Coca-Cola Company5; 2012, Para. 2). 11. Managing Change ; Diversity 11. 1 Organisati onal Change CCC has recently announced changes to the Operating Structure and Senior Leadership Appointments as of January 1, 2013. Instead organise around three prominent businesses; Coca-Cola International, Coca-Cola Americas and Bottling Investments Group (Coca-Cola2, 2012, Para. ). The change is another progress towards their â€Å"2020 vision† for the future. This is an example of bottom-up change as it has been implemented gradually, with top line managers picking up more jobs, while other employees have been let go. The change can also be described as a mix of forced evolution, and dictatorial transformation. 11. 2 Diversity Awareness Program The CCC has developed a diversity educational program for all manager and employees. This program is designed to make people aware of diversity and educate them in what diversity means for the company. The program includes; classroom and online courses that are classroom based, seminar with invited keynote speakers and many different diversity awareness based resources (Coca-Cola Company; 2012, Para. 9). These resources available to the employees and managers at CCC are designed to educate them in order to better understand other employees, customer, and suppliers and above all give the company a greater competitive advantage. 11. 3 Managing Diversity According to DiversityInc (2012, Para. 1) the CCC has remained in the â€Å"top 50 companies† for diversity during the last 10 years. Diversity is not just about policies and regulations; it is a part of their culture. Coca-Cola (2012, Para. 2) explains how they intend to form an environment that provides all members equal access to information, progress and opportunity. It is crucial for them to operate in a diverse workplace because of their long-term goal called â€Å"2020 Vision People†. Coca-Cola2 (2012, Para 3) states that there are three pillars of diversety eucation: * Diversity Training * Diversity Speakers Series * Diversity Library They also offer supplier diversity training to make sure their associates comprehend how to obtain the power of the workplace by having suppliers that consist of minority- and women-owned businesses (Coca-Cola8, 2012, Para. 5). Diversity is in the heart of the CCC and it is the way they are, how they work and comprehend the future (Coca-Cola3, 2012, Para. 1). 12. Organisational Ethics CCC has designed a Code of Business Conduct which guides the organization through the ethical minefield, including anti-corruption and anti-bribery codes (Code of Business Conduct, 2009, Para. 3-4). This code of conduct entails the expectation of accountability, honesty and integrity in all matters. Coca-Cola’s Ethics and Compliance Committee, made up of Board directors as well as other non-employee leadership, administer this code of conduct. Integrity is fundamental to CCC, along with other values. 13. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CCC has taken a proactive approach to CSR. An example of this is the â€Å"Little Red Schoolhouse Project† in the Philippines opened by Coca Cola to provide children with a basic elementary education (Coca-Cola Company: Coca-Cola; Little Red Schoolhouse, Para 1). This action also takes into account that in many areas where schools have been built there has been a high level child labor. The construction of these buildings helps children from being forced to work (Coca-Cola Company: Addressing Global Issues Para 4). 14. Managing Leadership 14. 1 Transformational Leadership According to Ignatius (2011, Para. 3), Muhtar Kent has transformed the CCC into a long term thinking company by implementing the â€Å"2020 Vision†. They are establishing a compelling vision and it is important that everyone is following the steps because of their global network and market. The high level of diversity forces the CCC to bring different individuals together and direct them to achieve the same goals, also to understand and believe in the same values and visions that the company requires. BTS (2012, Para. 2) informs that to endure transformational change they created Revenue Growth Management (RGM) to bring modern solutions to modern problems. 14. 2 Transactional Leadership According to Coca-Cola4 (2012, Para. 3) the company encourage their employees to be high preforming and they offer one of the best benefit packages in the world. They offer different developmental opportunities for their allies, one of which is the Coca-Cola University. This is a program for high performers to evolve, using the Peak Performance System (PPS, n/d, Para. 3). To extinguish undesired and reinforce desired behaviours the CCC have very strict workplace rights policies. The workplace rights policy makes the employees feel more secure and aware of their rights and also makes sure they are well aware on how to behave (Coca-Cola3, 2012, Para. 3) â€Å"The success of our business depends on every employee in our global enterprise. We are committed to fostering open and inclusive workplaces that respect human and workplace rights, where all employees are valued and inspired to be the best they can be. Our Workplace Rights Policy reflects these values and our commitment to uphold workplace rights globallyâ€Å"(Coca-Cola, 2012, Para. 1) 15. Managing Motivation 15. 1 Theories To illustrate how CCC caters to the needs of its employees the Alderfer ERG theory can be used (George, et al. 2012, pg. 234). CCC caters the existence needs of their employees by diversity awareness and education program which makes the employees feel safe and secure working in the workplace. CCC encourages open communication within the workplace through collaboration, which is one of the Coca-Cola core values (Coca-Cola Company; Mission, Vision ; Values, 2012, Para. 2). CCC develop their employees, by providing training through the Coca-Cola University which gives employees the chance to gain an education about the marketplace to fulfil the growth need (Coca-Cola Company; Benefits and rewards, 2012, Para 4). CCC also boasts that they have a benefits package that it highly regarded within the industry (Coca-Cola Company; Benefits and Rewards, 2012, Para 7). This can be seen as a form of motivation. It states that this benefits package addresses the employee’s basic human and life changing needs which in turn develops intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Coca-Cola Company; Benefits and Rewards, 2012, Para 7). 16. Managing Decision Making 16. 1 Decision Making Within Coca-Cola Company Decisions for the company are made by the Board of Directors, and are considered alongside the interests of stakeholders, as well environmental concerns. Many of the decisions made are considered in relation to the company’s ‘2020 Vision’. An example of a decision made is the company’s investment into the Indian Beverage Market. CCC recognised the potential presented in India, and as a result began generating ideas as to how to maximise this opportunity. The company then assessed and chose investments, including creating jobs, supporting education and implementing the common ‘Reduce, Reuse, Recycle’ method in order to improve waste in the developing country. These $2 billion investments are set to not only provide positive changes within India, but also to improve the company’s repute and to achieve the 2020 goal. (Winzelberg, 2012, Para 4-6;8) 7. Conclusion There are many conclusions made out of this report after researching in a more deep way. Coca-Cola is obviously more than just the soft-drink that people buy when thirsty. It is a company that has great values and caring visions. The CCC is pursuing a long term goal and is always looking for improvements. They are a proactive company beca use of their way of caring for the global nature and communities. The are always concerned about what the future will bring, which is why they have long term visions. It has been an instructive period to study the company and it’s structure. How to cite The Coca Cola Company, Essay examples The Coca Cola Company Free Essays The Coca Cola Company is a global business that operates on a local scale, in every community where the company do business. There able to create a global reach with local focus because of the strength of Coca Cola System which comprises company and more than 250 bottling partners. The Coca Cola is not a single entity from legal or managerial perspective and the company does not own or control all of our bottling partners, while many view the company as simply Coca Cola the system operates through multiple local channels. We will write a custom essay sample on The Coca Cola Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company manufactures and sells concentrates beverages bases and syrups to bottling operations, owns the brands and it’s responsible for consumers brand marketing initiative. A transnational corporation is any enterprise that undertakes foreign direct investment owns or controls income gathering assets in more than one country, produces goods or services outside its country of origin or engages in international production. For example Coca-Cola Company is a transnational corporation because they have proven successful in their international operations and are one of the most recognized brands in the world. Coca-Cola has used each of the six strategies. Coca-Cola Company was very successful in implementing strategies regardless of the country. The company has 6 keys of strategies necessary for firms to be successful when expanding globally. Differentiation strategy is defined as a marketing technique used by a manufacturer to establish a strong identity in a specific market. It also may be referred to as segmentation strategy. Using this strategy, a manufacturer will introduce different varieties of the same basic product under the same name into a particular product category and thus cover the range of products available in that category. There are several ways a firm can differentiate its’ products. We focused on two aspects of this; branding and cost leadership. The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a â€Å"name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. The objectives of successful branding include; delivering the message clearly, confirming your company’s credibility, connecting to your target prospects emotionally, motivating the buyer, and establishing user loyalty. for example, a soda company that offers a regular soda, a diet soda, a decaffeinated soda, and a diet-decaffeinated soda all under the same brand name is using a differentiation strategy. Each type of soda is directed at a different segment of the soda market, and the full line of products available will help to establish the company’s name in the soda category. The second strategy there used is International marketing strategy is an important part strategic planning and consequently should be an area, this strategy is a significant factor in the performance of a global company because an effective marketing strategy for international Companies can represent a competitive advantage and therefore global executives need to recognize the importance level regardless if a global or customized marketing strategy is practiced. Furthermore, the marketing mix affecting markets abroad the most should be studied to comprehend how foreign markets function with different marketing strategies. International marketing strategy can be defined in many ways. International marketing strategy is the manner in which an organization performs based on a predetermined set of activities in order to plan, promote, price and distribute a good or service for a profit to consumers in various locations. Global vs Marketing Strategy when discussing international marketing it is important to point out the difference that may exist between international and global marketing. Global marketing can be characterized by an overall outlook of the market as a whole where there is a standardized manner to sell a product or service in all places. Standardization as a form of marketing strategy refers to the similarity of a set of practices implemented in the home and other foreign markets. Standardization strategy’s main elements are political legal, economic, competitive, cultural, and consumer, environments. Also, the same research states that this strategy is most likely to be implemented if there are similarities in the elements of the home and foreign country another concept that a firm with a strong level of standardization enjoys a high level of control within the organization. This control is the level of decision making executed by the home office. At the same time, when standardization applies, global image and product offering are two strong factors a firm seems to rely on. Conversely, international marketing relates more to different target markets and their differences rather than looking at it as one single market and foresees the possibility to implement a localization strategy rather than standardization, as the global marketing would pursue. Moreover, in order to understand the role of international strategy in a company’s success, it is also important to understand the role culture has in the strategy development. Distribution is the course, physical path or legal title that goods take between production and consumption. In international marketing, a company must decide on the method of distribution among countries as well as the method within the country where final sale occurs† (Daniels 2009). Choosing distributors and channels is the first step of distribution in foreign countries. When a company enters a new country it is usually economical for a company to rely on external distributors. It is important to select a distributor with good connections are particularly important because the distributors with good connections get a lot of information and relationship of the market and customers in the foreign country. When pursuing international business, companies must choose an international operating mode to fulfill their objectives and carry out their strategies, strategies towards vertical integration have been subject to shifting fashions. For most of the twentieth century the prevailing wisdom was that vertical integration was generally beneficial because it allowed superior coordination and reduced risk. During the past 25 years there has been a profound change of opinion: outsourcing, it is claimed, enhances flexibility and allows firms to concentrate on those activities where they possess superior capabilities. Moreover, many of the coordination benefits associated with vertical integration can be achieved through collaboration between vertically related companies. A firm may choose to operate globally either through equity arrangements or through non-equity arrangements Coca-Cola has successfully adopted both of the arrangements the Coca Cola Company used forward vertical integration to move a step closer to their consumers. Forward vertical integration refers to a management style of involves a form of vertical integration whereby activities are expanded to include control of the direct distribution of its products. A cash cow is defined as a business, product or asset that, once acquired and paid off, will produce consistent cash flow over its lifespan Companies in this category require very little maintenance and bring in a steady cash flow for the company over a long period of time. One benefit of being a cash cow ompany, or having a cash cow product, is that the company can invest the profits into other branches of the business, making acquisitions to grow the company, or giving back to shareholders in the form of dividends. Coca-Cola is considered a cash cow because of their high market share and relatively low market growth. They aren’t growing as much anymore in the market because they have been around for 125 years. Also in the political activities Coca Cola Company is subjected to strict regulations since its products come under food category. However few changes in law are expected to impact Coca Cola following are some such factors like the issue of negative impact of Coca Cola manufacturing plants on environment has been highlighted in many countries, laws for environment protection and stringent regulations in this regard can impact the production process, government change, civil unrest, military take over and other disturbances in a country can affect sales and operation. The Coca-Cola Company is incorporated in the United States, the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits bribes to officials of non-U. S. overnments, applies to all employees around the world. Consult Company legal counsel about additional local laws that may be applicable. The Coca Cola Company encourages personal participation in the political process in a manner consistent with all relevant laws and Company guidelines. Political contributions by the Company must be, made in accordance with local law; approved in accordance with the De legation of Authority; and properly recorded. Detailed information on U. S. trade restrictions that may be in effect at any given time are posted on the Ethics ; Compliance intranet site. The Company must comply with all applicable trade restrictions and boycotts imposed by the U. S. government. Such restrictions prohibit the Company from engaging in certain business activities in specified countries, and with specified individuals and entities. These restrictions include, for example, prohibitions on interaction with identified terrorist organizations or narcotics traffickers. Sanctions for noncompliance can be severe, including fines and imprisonment for responsible individuals, and the Company may be prohibited from further participation in certain trade. The Company also must abide by U. S. anti-boycott laws that prohibit companies from participating in any international boycott not sanctioned by the U. S. government. The Coca-Cola Company competes fairly, and complies with all applicable competition laws around the world. These laws often are complex, and vary considerably from country to country both in the scope of their coverage and their geographic reach. Conduct permissible in one country may be unlawful in another. Penalties for violation can be severe. Bibliography www.thecocacolacompany.com www.strategiesforglobalization.com www.organizational theory.com www.thejournalofinternationalmarketing.com 9(4) 59-81 Bennett;Blythe 2002 p.6 Daniels 2009 How to cite The Coca Cola Company, Papers

Performance Based Building Design Berlin †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Performance Based Building Design Berlin? Answer: Introduction Forest fires are common in the Australian landscape and cause considerable damage. We have already seen it recently in the country and there is little left to open the fire season in Australia. We have seen a progression of wooden constructions in Australia. Wooden houses have been constructed and buildings of traditional materials with structures of wood has continued. These buildings have been management with wooden pallets to the outside, balconies of wood, carpentries of wood for windows and doors, porches of wood, eaves of wood, etc. And many homes and urbanizations have been built next to the forest masses, in areas that are called the Forest Urban Interface (Rodriguez, 2004). Design of the building Design of the buildings should follow basic tips in fire management techniques to prevent fires on the buildings. Keep the electrical grid of the building in good condition. The majority of fires that originate in the communities of owners are due to a deficient state of the electrical network. In many cases, older buildings do not comply with the Low Voltage Regulation, which can lead to short circuits with a high risk of fire.Install fire doors in the building. The fire doors prevent the spread of the fire and allow the rapid evacuation of the neighbors (Rodriguez, 2004). Signaling of escape routes and emergency lighting. In case of fire, it is vital that the escape routes and emergency exits are perfectly signposted and free of obstacles that prevent the free exit of the building in case of fire. It is important to remember that locking the access doors to the community of owners, besides being an illegal practice, is a great danger in case of evacuation (Bogue, 2007).Installatio n of fire extinguishers on each floor of the building. The installation of extinguishers in communities of owners is mandatory for all buildings built from 2006 as established by the Technical Building Code . Although buildings built before that year do not have the obligation to have fire extinguishers, their installation is advisable to minimize the impact of fire on the farm. When it comes to preventing bush fires in communities, order and cleanliness are fundamental (Forest Fires Prevention Act, 2003). Collecting garbage, cartons, furniture, flammable liquids (oils, paint etc.). In garages and storerooms means a high risk of fire. It is also very important that the garages are ventilated and prohibit smoking inside them, since many fires are produced by ill-fused cigarettes.Review of Fire Protection Systems. Fire Protection systems (Fire Alarm, BIEs, Hydrants) are not useful if they are not in perfect condition. Periodic reviews established by law by an Authorized Maintenance Co mpany must be carried out in order to ensure its proper functioning (Forest Fires Prevention Act, 2003). Bushfire Protection measures But how do you protect yourself from a forest fire?. These are the measures put in place to protect the proposed development site from bush fires. Asset Protection Zones (APZ) APZ is the short form of Asset Protection Zones. It is also a fire protection zone and only aims at seeking the protection of human beings, their property and other valued assets. It is the buffer zone that is between the buildings and bush fire hazard which is progressively managed therefore minimizing the loads of fuel and reduces theradiant heat levels and the smoke attack on life and valuable assets. An APZ width will vary with the thickness in vegetation and slope of the area. Inner Protection Area( IPA) and Outer Protection Area ( OPA) is what makes up the forest vegetation (Forest Fires Prevention Act, 2003). IPA is located adjacently to the asset and OPA is fuel reduced designed to keep flame length rate slow and suppressing the bush flames. Siting and Design Siting of a building is done in the most convenient manner that will safeguard the building and the property involved. After inspecting the site and reviewing the design drawings provided by the tenants themselves, the economics argued that quite possibly the problem is of origin since the columns, both their number and location, are not adequate.Specialists who came to give a technical opinion of the disaster and others consulted by fire experts said that the biggest problem of the work is of structural type and that responsibility is of the construction.We were told that there were steel structures running through the building. Now you see and tell me where those structures are. They do not exist. What's more, there are neither pillars nor castles nor thick rods (Gomez and Alvarez, 2009). There are these rods less than an inch that bend like wires. None of that commented the construction company. Construction (BCA, AS3959, NASH, Addendum) There must be portable fire extinguishers on each floor of the building, and at least one must be placed 15 meters away from the evacuation source or exit door. Its good maintenance, through specialists, is crucial.The Technical Building Code (CTE) is the regulatory framework that establishes the requirements that buildings must meet in relation to the basic safety and habitability requirements established in Law 5, on Building Management ( LOE), and is divided into different documents in which we find the DB-SI, (Basic Fire Safety Document). Access In Australia, each building project complies with the provisions of the Technical Building Code in its Basic Safety Document in case of fire. The municipalities and autonomous communities legislate on the prevention and fight against forest fires in housing estates, isolated population centers, camp sites, industrial facilities, etc. Among other measures, it is established that the residential nuclei maintain a security strip, that is, a firewall, with a minimum width of 15 meters (Gomez and Alvarez, 2009). The development area should be accessable by fire engines in case the bush fire starts. Utility services The proposed development site should be located within a place that has utility services. These services include, accessible roads, telephone services, fire engine services, ambulances among others. All these are to ensure that in case of fire, evacuation is done efficiently as well as the fire management. The perimeter plots are those that are in direct contact with the green zone external forest areas or forest areas inland to urbanization, are more vulnerable to receiving the direct impact of the fire. They are also the first defense barrier for the rest of the urbanization. Is it enough? No, since 90% of the populations and urbanizations lacks a Self-Protection Plan., Basic Directive for Planning Emergency Civil Protection, which obliges city councils to participate more actively and to execute firewalls that separate the urban areas with dwellings and the neighboring mountain, has come to be fulfilled (Mason, 2011).. The regulations of civil protection forces the means of extinction to defend the houses against bushfires. But buildings without firewalls are less likely to defend the forest and prevent fire from spreading to other urban areas. Landscapping However, when the fire is declared, the houses remain at their mercy. It depends on your design whether or not they resist a fire. But in Australia, no specific design rules have been created to improve the resistance of buildings to forest fires. In France, there has already been established the concern of making wood construction compatible with the Forest Fire Prevention Plans. In an earlier post this has been addressed (Meyer, Beer and Mu?ller, 2004). In Australia, a country hit by large fires and where wood construction is common, they already have a standard, AS 3959 Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas, which sets out requirements for the design and construction of elements in any building constructed in an area designated as prone to forest fires. Remember that in case of fire firefighters will have many more opportunities to defend your home if they have accessible water points, such as hydrants, pools and reservoirs. The content of this standard is explained in broad terms. In a fire, the strong winds move the embers around the buildings and that they can be deposited in the flat surfaces. As the fire progresses, the envelope of the building is subjected to the very high heat radiation that can break windows and cause the building elements to ignite. Impacts of bushfire on buildings The design to resist forest fires, is necessary within the 100 meters of the forest. It is critical to assess the site's risk levels,and preventing fires from starting in the building by protecting the surfaces of the ignition by the embers, protecting the windows from the heat emitted by the front of the fire and limiting the combustibility of the exposed materials (Shanahan, 2012). Every year, when summer comes, there is a risk of forest fires, which can affect large areas of forest and natural vegetation, causing social, economic and ecological damage. For this reason, the Ministry of the Environment, as National Environmental Authority, has a Forest Fire Contingency Plan that aims to implement measures to prevent, mitigate and control this natural phenomenon, especially in fragile areas such as the National System of Protected Areas, moors and forests. The implementation of this plan that arises with the need to promote preventive actions in the fight against forest fires through the diffusion and awareness in the sites of greater incidence, has had excellent results. In 2012, for example, fires affected 21,570 hectares, while in 2013 they fell to 4 216 hectares, barely 19.55% of the total for 2012. While these figures are encouraging, the Environmental Authority will continue to work for reduce this phenomenon that affects ecosystems. The contingency program includes three stages. The first stage is a prevention program in which multiple activities are carried out, such as preventive operations, environmental education, monitoring and early warning in areas of greater susceptibility. The second is an emergency plan in which several institutions such as the National Secretariat for Risk Management, Fire Brigade, Armed Forces and Decentralized Provincial, Municipal and Parochial Autonomous Governments collaborate in order to control fires that occur in a way immediate and effective (Shanahan, 2012). finally, the third phase refers to the remediation plan that seeks to repair the original plant cover affected. In addition to this strategy to fight fires, the authorities throughout the year carries out several complementary actions such as training, environmental education days, digital campaigns and door-to-door campaigns; which seek to promote the care and protection of forests and natural areas.It should be noted that, the majority of forest fires presented in the country are due to anthropogenic causes. For example, in several agricultural areas, fire is used as a working tool to prepare the soil, to remove stubble and to clear the land, among others, but its misuse can cause irreparable damage to ecosystems.According to reports from this State Portfolio, 70% of forest fires are caused by man, 25% are by negligence or by agricultural burns and 5% by natural causes (glass bottles, lightning). To resist attacks of embers before the fire front,provide a safe haven while passing the fire front,and allow the occupants, after passing the fire front, to extinguish the building elements that are still burning. The design for shrub fire is a process, namely:Determine the level of the Bushfire Attack Level (BAL).Comply with the constraints on building envelope elements for the BAL evaluated (Pearson, n.d.).Choose the correct woods and detailing the performance of the required item. Concreting these steps: The BAL indicates probable radiant heat on the outside of the building at the front of the fire. A qualified assessor will determine the BAL after considering: the Fire Hazard Index (FDI), the vegetation of the site, the distance between the site and the vegetation, and the slope of the terrain. Methodology The standard focuses on external building elements such as: terraces on substructures (open or closed); stairs, exterior platforms and ramps; surfaces of external walls; windows and exterior doors; soffits, eaves, fascias and gutters; and the surfaces of roofs There are no restrictions on the materials used inside the building. The restrictions are increased with levels 40 and BL-FZ.3. The wood suitable for use in the elements of the envelope are listed in the standard in tables and appendices and details where the wood in each table can be used (Pearson, n.d.). The standard classifies the woods, based on their density, into four groups: resistant to forest fires (due to their natural properties - such as merbau, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, etc.) impregnated with fire-retardant chemicals or inflammable paints; wood with a density of more than 750 kg / m (gray eucalyptus, etc.); woods with a density of more than 650 kg / m (cypress, etc.); and other low density species (radiata pine and Western Red Cedar). We will now see how these groups and the requirements of the standard interact in four examples according to the WoodSolutions design guide, "Building with timber in bushfire prone areas". First example, wood can be used without restriction in any application where wood is protected from exposure to forest fires by a rugged envelope. They include wood frames, interior floors, interior carpentry, etc. In the second example, it is a wooden platform outside in an area classified as BAL 12.5. If it is placed more than 300 mm, measured horizontally, of a glazed element, you can use a normal wood, like the treated pine, if not, you must use a dense wood like the merbau or ceramic tiles. 12.5 - In the third example, it is a facade cladding in wood in a 19 area. If it is 400 mm or less from an external surface that can collect embers or burning residues (such surfaces include the floor, a deck, a balcony , a carport roof, a canopy, etc., with an angle of less than 18 to the horizontal), wood-resistant woods are used, woods such as gray eucalyptus, timbers for log houses (density of 680 kg / m or more, 70 mm minimum thickness), non-combustible materials, fibrocement of at leas t 6 mm thick and any combination of these materials. - Facade cladding in wood In the fourth example, it is a wooden window in a area 29. If it is 400 mm or more above a horizontal outer surface, all hardwoods and treated woods can be used, but all woods can also be used without restriction only if they are fully protected with fire resistant timber shutters . - wooden windows In France, guidelines on how to build in areas prone to forest fires have already been analyzed. Recently, the association of construction professionals has published a guide for various publics, but especially for developers wishing to construct, in a Bush fire prone area, a sustainable building with materials of biological origin (Pearson, n.d.). Therefore, the guide addresses the problem by recovering the knowledge to have to apply for the Works License in an area affected by a bush fires and proposing good constructive practices that are applied in all constructions subject to a risk of this type, element by element. Relevant Bushfire protection measures- fire regulations Minimum safety and habitability requirements At the national level, the legislation in charge of meeting minimum safety requirements is the document of the Technical Building Code (CTE). This Basic Document (DB) is designed to establish rules and procedures that allow meeting the basic safety requirements in case of fire. This document is divided into sections, all of them basic requirements. The purpose of this document is to reduce to acceptable limits the risk of users of a building being damaged by a fire of accidental origin. Terms such as protection, detection and alarm, and evacuation are taken into account. In this report you can read several post on the subject: the importance of the final condition of use of materials and reaction to fire. Remember that when performing the Technical Inspection of your building, it must comply with the anti-fire regulations.Incompressible, a small hotel must have by law with an evacuation plan, instead, in a building setup is not necessary (Hens, 2013) . Most homes do not have the basic elements of fire safety such as the smoke detector and fire extinguisher. According to a report of the Australia Association of Fire Protection Societies , 90% of the communities of old owners do not have the basic fire safety measures that the Technical Building Code requires in the common spaces of the estate such as portals, garages, storage rooms or stairs (Pearson, n.d.). This is also true for 20% of new construction buildings It is in Australia where this new knowledge were transformed into standards of enforced compliance since their National Construction Code requires compliance with the rules. In Australia we have the CTE, but only consider how to prevent and resist fires in or within buildings and without going beyond generic norms like the 15 meters of perimeter strip (before the last revisions were 25 meters). It is necessary to wait for initiatives such as the Forest Fire Protection Forum in the urban forest interface (UFI), to be condensed into guides to a joint building and urban development legislation in UF I areas. Recommendation Fire fighters should be within reach of anyone who is affected in a fire situation. Evacuation Height It is the maximum difference of dimensions between a source of evacuation and the exit of building that corresponds to it. In order to determine the evacuation height of a building, the highest floors of the building in which there are only zero occupancy areas are not considered. If it is a community of neighbors whose height of evacuation exceeds 80 meters, it will require an automatic installation of extinction. If each floor exceeds 28 meters, an emergency lift will be necessary. Fundamental advice on prevention: Keep the electrical grid of the building in good condition. The majority of fires that originate in the communities of owners are due to a poor state of the electricity network. In many cases, older buildings do not comply with the Low Voltage Regulation (REBT), which can lead to short circuits with a high risk of fire. Substitute combustible materials for other flame retardants. There are still communities of neighbors with walls of portals, landings and stairs lined with wood and flammable varnishes. The carpets, sofas, carpets, curtains can also be the origin of the fire so it is better to replace them with other materials with a higher resistance to fire. Install fire doors in the building. The fire doors prevent the spread of the fire and allow the rapid evacuation of the neighbors. Signalization of escape routes and emergency lighting. In case of fire, it is vital that the escape routes and emergency exits are perfectly signposted and free of obstacles that prevent the free e xit of the building in case of fire. Cleaning in the adjacent and immediate building, especially in garages and storage rooms. When it comes to preventing fires in communities, order and cleanliness are fundamental. Collecting garbage, cardboard, furniture or flammable liquids in garages and storerooms is a high risk of fire. It is also very important that the garages are ventilated and prohibit smoking inside them, since many fires are produced by ill-fused cigarettes. Avoid hedgerows and especially hedgerow hedges in the perimeter enclosures in contact with forest land. The presence of walls that separate the hedge from the forest floor are effective in reducing Ignition. External perimeter walls are good fire barriers that impact. Avoid depositing remains whilepruning and cleaning of gardens in the outer perimeter. Trees above or near perimeter hedges can enter more easily ignited. Remove any potentially combustible material that is attached to the housing, below the stairs, und er terraces, in corners etc. This marketing is on many occasions the sole responsible for the destruction of housing. Conclusion Last year, housing fire claimed a total of 112 fatalities (50% during the winter months). In order to reduce these frightening statistics, some autonomous communities and municipalities have begun to include in the telecare programs the fire detector in homes for everyone. In other cases, municipalities in coordination with firefighters have launched awareness-raising and fire prevention campaigns in neighborhood communities, including drills and evacuation and self-protection plans.Review of Fire Protection Systems is also good for the building. Fire Protection systems (Fire Alarm, BIEs, Hydrants ) are not useful if they are not in perfect condition. Periodic inspections established by law must be carried out by an authorized maintenance company in order to ensure its proper functioning. From what I saw in plans, the structuring, the raised (in the building) did not allow anyone to deal with the phenomenon. It is very critical because when there are interior columns with two neighbo rs on the sides it is very, References Bogue, N. (2007). Bushfires!. South Yarra, Vic.: Macmillan Education Australia. Forest Fires Prevention Act. (2003). [Toronto]: Queen's Printer for civil-engineering = Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. Gomez, E. and Alvarez, K. (2009). Forest fires. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Guerra Santin, O. (2008). Environmental indicators for building design. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press. Hens, H. (2013). Performance based building design. Berlin: Ernst Sohn. Kibert, C. (n.d.). Sustainable construction. Mason, P. (2011). Bushfires. South Yarra, Vic.: Macmillan Library. Meyer, C., Beer, T. and Mu?ller, J. (2004). Dioxins economics from bushfires in Australia. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage. Pearson, M. (n.d.). The fire extinguisher. Rodriguez, A. (2004). Fires. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Shanahan, K. (2012). Bushfires. [Place of publication not identified]: Eleanor Curtain Pub.

11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing

11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing 11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing 11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing By Ali Hale Whether you’re writing just for fun, for school, or with professional goals in mind, these exercises can all help you to improve your writing. Some will give you inspiration, others will help you avoid editing as you write, and many of them will help you pay closer attention to your word choices. I hope you’ll enjoy giving them a go! #1: Cover Your Screen While You Write If you find yourself doing more editing than actual writing, then try covering up (or, on a laptop, turning down) your screen while you draft. If, like me, you can touch-type – try closing your eyes instead. I find it surprisingly relaxing! (Though I tend to stop every sentence or two to make sure I’ve hit the keys I thought I was hitting) At first, it might seem odd not to be able to see the words that you’re typing – but you might well find that you write faster and express your thoughts more freely this way. #2: Set a Daily Writing Goal and Track Your Progress Writing, as most other crafts, only gets better with practice. If you want to improve, therefore, you will need to write pretty much every single day. The best strategy to achieve this objective is to set a goal of how many words you want to write per day, and then to track your progress over time. A simple notebook or spreadsheet should be enough for you to record your daily statistics. The Prolifiko blog has a great piece with more tips to set writing goals and resolutions and to make sure you achieve them. #3: Use a Writing Prompt to Get You Going If you want to write, but you don’t know what you want to write, try using a writing prompt. This could be anything from a story scenario (â€Å"write about someone who gets caught in a lie†) to a blog post title (â€Å"Ten Things I Wish I Could Tell My 15-Year-Old Self†). Here are a couple of sources of prompts to keep you busy for a while: 25 creative writing prompts, a list of prompts you can use to start writing a simple story or even a novel. 365 Creative Writing Prompts, from Think Written – a mixed bag of prompts, with some for stories and some for poems; many would also work for blogging. Even if you’re working on a longer piece, like a novel, prompts can be helpful. A line of dialogue, for instance, might give you just the inspiration you need for your next scene. #4: Don’t Start at the Beginning Start at the End There’s no writing rule that says you need to begin at the beginning. In fact, many writers find it more effective to start at the end. You can do this in a couple of different ways: Start your story (or blog post, etc) close to the chronological end – e.g. you might begin with â€Å"As I stared down the mountain, I couldn’t believe I was actually here† You can then jump back in time and narrate the events that led up to that point. Write the end of your blog post (or story, etc) first. Once you’ve written your concluding paragraphs or final scenes, you’ll know what you’re leading up to. If you prefer not to write it out in full, you could make notes. #5: Rewrite a Masterpiece or a Famous Story Choose a famous masterpiece or classic novel (like Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice or Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet) and write your own version. This is a great exercise because you can do it at almost any level: you could write a short story for children, or you could write a whole novel or screenplay. (Bridget Jones’s Diary, for instance, borrowed heavily from Pride and Prejudice; the children’s movie Gnomeo and Juliet is based, as you might guess, on Romeo and Juliet.) You can do this with fairytales, too, like the story of Cinderella or Little Red Riding Hood. You might decide to bring the stories into the modern world – or you might switch to a completely different genre, like a Western version of Little Red Riding Hood or a sci-fi version of Cinderella. Hopefully, you’ll think of some interesting ways to present an old story in a new way – great practice for avoiding clichà ©s and stereotypes in your own writing. #6: Create a Found Poem from Your Spam Folder A â€Å"found poem† is one created from text that already exists – and some writers enjoy repurposing spam emails for this! Check your spam folder. I’m sure that, like mine, it’s full of emails with some strange wording and dubious promises like: I did not need to find a winning product. he gave it to me Just drinking 1 cup of this delicious hot beverage in the morning sets you up to burn more fat than 45 exhausting minutes on the treadmill. Hello %E-mail_address%, I know your very love Engineer Jobs and want have T-Shirt for Engineer Jobs. It is vital  to have a telephone system that has all the specific functions (All of these are taken verbatim from my own spam folder) Could you pick out a few lines (they don’t have to be consecutive ones) to create your own found poem? Feel free to add some words if needed. There are some wonderfully odd examples here. #7: Write Something Inspired By a Piece of Writing, Music or Art Inspiration can come in all sorts of ways – but if you’re struggling to find an idea, try turning to other people’s creative works.  In my blogging, I’ve often been inspired by other people’s post structures, by an idea of theirs that I want to take further – or even by something they’ve written that I disagree with. You can use music and art in a similar way: they can be particularly potent sources of ideas for stories. If you have a favourite song or artist, what in their work speaks to you? How could you craft a story using some of those themes or thoughts? Alternatively, look through some photos of artworks, and choose one or more to use as the basis for a story. #8: Interview Your Novel’s Characters This is a fun exercise that a lot of writers use to dig into who their characters are: the character interview. You can work through a pre-set list of questions, or you can come up with your own in advance, or you can just start typing and go with the flow! You might do this essentially like a character questionnaire or checklist, or you might want to write it more like a mini-story, with you as the author inviting your character to sit down and talk. Depending on the sort of fiction you write, the setting for your interview could be almost anything – perhaps you’re enjoying a casual chat over coffee and cake with your character, or maybe you’re interviewing them as a journalist, or even in court. Or, if you’re into rather darker fiction, you might be conducting an interrogation However you do this, it’s a great exercise to have fun with, and you might discover a whole backstory to your character that you’d never thought about before. #9: Use the Alphabet This is a fun exercise that can work for almost any type of writing: craft a piece where each sentence starts with the next letter of the alphabet. Here’s the start of one to show you what I mean: At six oclock, Josie woke up. Before shed even opened her eyes, she knew what had woken her: she could hear it, just like shed heard it every Friday morning for months. Cliff, her neighbour, was out  in his garden. Despite all the times shed gone round and asked him, through gritted teeth, to please wait until at least seven, he was mowing the blasted lawn again. â€Å"Excuse me!† she called, over the fence. For a moment, she thought he hadn’t heard her over the sound of the mower. (Yes, it’s tricky once you get to X! You might find this list helpful, or you might choose to use a sentence-starting word that merely contains an X.) #10: Write with a Sentence Length Limit in Place Can you limit every sentence you write to ten words? (Or fewer!) This might be tricky. It’s a great exercise for bloggers and online marketers, though. Short snappy sentences and paragraphs work well online. You might want to draft as normal, then edit ruthlessly. Or you could count the words as you type. Whatever works for you! (Yes, the sentences in this section are ten words max) #11: Write Without Using Any Adverbs This is a common exercise advised for fiction writers: write a whole scene without using a single adverb. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives and adverbs. They often (though not always) end with –ly. Here are a few sentences with the adverbs indicated in bold: The girl walked quickly to school. (â€Å"Quickly† is modifying the verb â€Å"walked†.) Slowly, the fairly tall man stood.   (â€Å"Slowly† is modifying the verb â€Å"stood†, and â€Å"fairly† is modifying the adjective â€Å"tall†) On the bus, the baby cried dismayingly loudly. (â€Å"Dismayingly† is modifying the adverb â€Å"loudly†, and â€Å"loudly† is modifying the verb â€Å"cried†.) Writing without adverbs forces you to write crisper, clearer (and shorter!) sentences, which often have more impact. In particular, you’ll find yourself choosing stronger verbs. All of these sentences could replace â€Å"The girl walked quickly to school† – and each has a slightly different nuance: The girl strode to school. The girl hurried to school. The girl power-walked to school. Of course, adverbs aren’t bad in themselves – so I don’t recommend avoiding them in all your writing! This exercise can help you, though, to be more aware of when you’re using adverbs unnecessarily. Pick one of the above  exercises to try out during your writing time this week. (If you’re feeling up for it, pick two and combine them – how about rewriting a classic without using any adverbs?) Have fun! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Verb Mood and Voice in Spanish

Verb Mood and Voice in Spanish When we think about the properties that verbs might have, chances are that the first property that comes to mind is its tense: Does it refer to actions in the past, present or future? But verbs also have two other grammatical properties that are important to understanding how they are used: their mood and their voice. The mood of a verb (sometimes called the mode of a verb) is a property that relates to how the person using the verb feels about its factuality or likelihood; the distinction is made much more often in Spanish than it is in English. The voice of a verb has more to do with the grammatical structure of the sentence in which it is used in and refers to the connection between a verb and its subject or object. The three moods: Both English and Spanish have three verb moods: The indicative mood is the normal verb form used in everyday statements. In a sentence such as I see the dog (Veo el perro), the verb is in the indicative mood.The subjunctive mood is used in many statements that are contrary to fact, are hoped for or are in doubt. This mood is by far more common in Spanish, since it has mostly disappeared in English. An example of the subjunctive in English is the verb in the phrase if I were rich (si fuera rico in Spanish), which refers to a contrary-to-fact condition. The subjunctive is also used in a sentence such as I request that my pseudonym be published (pido que se publique mi seudà ³nimo), which indicates a type of desire.The imperative mood is used to give direct commands. The short sentence Leave! ( ¡Sal tà º!) is in the imperative mood. More about the subjunctive mood: Because it is so frequently necessary in Spanish yet unfamiliar to English speakers, the subjunctive mood is an endless source of confusion for many Spanish students. Here are some lessons that will guide you through its usage: Introduction to the subjunctive mood: This lesson gives examples of when the subjunctive mood is used and compares them with sentences in the indicative mood. In the mood: A more detailed list of examples where the subjunctive mood is used. Tenses of the subjunctive mood: Tenses in the subjunctive mood are seldom intuitive. Conjugation of the subjunctive mood. Future subjunctive: The future subjunctive is very rare in Spanish and is archaic in most uses, but it does exist. Subordinate conjunctions: Verbs in dependent clauses are often in the subjunctive mood. Translating might: Sentences translating the English auxiliary verb might often use a clause in the subjunctive mood. I dont believe ...: The negative form of the verb creer (to believe) is typically followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. Ways of making requests: The imperative and subjunctive moods arent as distinct in Spanish as they are in English, and the subjunctive is often used to make requests. Sentence structure a nd the subjunctive: Although the subjunctive usually isnt used to refer to actual, real events, it can be when the structure of the sentence so requires. Statements of necessity: Verb phrases such as es necesario que (it is necessary that) are generally followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. Statements of fear: These are sometimes followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. Use with opinar: Although the subjunctive mood is usually used in giving opinions, it usually isnt used with opinar. More about the imperative mood: The imperative mood is used for making direct commands or requests, but it is far from the only way to ask that someone do something. These lessons look at the different ways of making requests: Direct commands. Making requests without using the imperative mood. Making polite requests. Active and passive voice: The voice of a verb depends primarily on the structure of a sentence. Verbs used in a normal fashion, in which the subject of the sentence is performing the action of the verb, are in the active voice. An example of a sentence in the active voice is Sandi bought a car (Sandi comprà ³ un coche). When the passive voice is used, the subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb; the person or thing performing the action of the verb isnt always specified. An example of a sentence in the passive voice is The car was bought by Sandi (El coche fue comprado por Sandi). In both languages, a past participle (bought and comprado) is used to form the passive voice. It is important to note that, while common in English, the passive voice isnt used as much in Spanish. A common reason for using the passive voice is to avoid stating who or what is performing the action of a verb. In Spanish, that same goal can be accomplished by using verbs reflexively.

Impact of Vietnam War on American culture Research Paper

Impact of Vietnam War on American culture - Research Paper Example There were various innovative factors that contributed to the perception of the war. One of them is the transmission of the information of the war by the media particularly television. Its impact on the Vietnam’s war played a more significant role than in any other conflict in the 20th century. It was an innovative method that replaced newspapers and radios, which were the main mode of broadcasting at the time. The general public was involved in the Vietnam struggle raising the height of public opposition. Due to the unlimited access of journalists and photographers in the battlefields, the public were able to see the war as they had never seen before. The war influenced almost all branches of the American culture. However, it is crucial to determine how much the description of the war influenced the lives of the Americans and the whether its representation changed over time. The diverse methods used in approaching the Vietnam War were in accordance to various forms of artistic designs and all forms of cultural categories. Thus, the combination of all the factors of the war resulted into Americans growing tired of the violence and encouraged them to come up with efforts to find their way out of the war. One of the impacts that the war had on the American culture was on the literary culture of the Americans. In the first few years after the withdrawal of the Americans from the war, there were less literary works to represent the attitudes toward the Vietnam War. The change overturned in the late 1970’s and early 1980 are when various forms of literary works started to floods the markets. Most of them represented personal narratives from individuals who had first hand experiences of the war. One good example is the novel, armies of the night by Norman Mailer in 1968. It represented a reflection of the march on the pentagon in DC in 1967 (Anderson, 2011).

The Movie Entertainment Industry ( Current Issues ) Research Paper

The Movie Entertainment Industry ( Current Issues ) - Research Paper Example The strategy is quite simple: movies became more larger than life, splashier and are made to impress in order to attract the public who have become more sophisticated in their tastes. This has become the blockbuster formula that has worked for major studios. By 2002 the annual ticket sales peaked at $1.6 billion.1 After this period, however, one can no longer say the same. In 2008, the figure dropped to $1.3 billion while the audience registered a constant decline in size across all segments of the movie-going public except teenage boys.2 Hollywood’s formula for blockbuster films - one that has so far succeeded in impressing the audience and keep them coming back - relies much on technology because it is crucial in providing flashier visual effects, which has been proven to appeal to a broader audience. Background According to Vanhala (2011), the average production cost of a movie from a major studio is $55 million with an additional $27 million to advertise and market, a tota l of almost a hundred million per film.3 Big productions that almost often assure box-office success could cost a studio up to 300 million dollars such as with the cases of Spiderman 3 and Pirates of the Caribbean 3. The figures are humungous and one could often hear producers lament about the viability of moviemaking and of the way films lose even with a decent performance at the box office. The complaint is not entirely unfounded. A detailed explanation has been offered by Vanhala as it was suggested that domestic box office, home video, DVD, television and cable revenues often cannot collectively cover the invested money in a film unless it is a major blockbuster.4 Pricewaterhouse-Coopers reported that the major studios’ revenues can be broken down as follows: 1) theatrical box office 24.6 percent; 2) television 28.8 percent; and 3) Home Video 46.6 percent.5 There are those who would argue that other means of revenues could make up for box office losses but this is not alw ays the case. According to the Motion Pictures Association of America â€Å"most films never recoup their initial investment.†6 A case in point is Prince’s (2002) discussion of movie revenue in which he stressed: There is little home video revenue left over to pay back the substantial negative cost still on the books from a theatrical flop. Home video success in such a case is significant for the company’s cash flow and especially for its home video profit center, but profit participants due a percentage on the theatrical flop are unlikely to be close to paydirt.7 It is not surprising, hence, when both academics and economists brand moviemaking in American as a risky affair. The dynamics by which film financing are undertaken with their complex and elaborate risk-sharing schemes underscore this point. Today, films are no longer produced by one studio or entity. Investors are pooled, which include corporate entities and other third-parties such as A-list actors, directors and producers.8 Out of all of the dismal statistics cited, however, it is interesting to note that Hollywood still makes about 400-600 films each year.9 The answer to this puzzle is crucial in identifying the effect of technology in movie-making. Understanding them can help outline the importance of technology in American filmmaking today. There are two identified drivers to the American film industry’s profitability: blockbuster films and the international market. These two areas proved to be not just the

WEAK ANTHROPOCENTRIC INTRINSIC VALUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WEAK ANTHROPOCENTRIC INTRINSIC VALUE - Essay Example vation made by Hargrove, the subject of discussion that he appears to have failed in, is disputing the concept of subjectivist nonanthropocentric intrinsic value. The theory of subjective nonathropocentric value theory, as presented by J. Baird Callicott observes that nature has no value of its own, unless it is given to it by human beings, since values depend entirely on human judgment (Hargrove, 194). While Hargrove tends to dispute this argument by arguing that nature has its intrinsic value, there is a reason to disagree with his argument, since without the judgment conferred upon nature by human beings to determine its value, there is no way that nature on its own can possess value. In disputing Hargrove’s argument against subjective nonathropocentric value theory, I contend with J. Baird Callicott, that something becomes valuable only because somebody values it (Hargrove, 195). It is apparent that all value depends on the subjective feelings of human observers, and that value will hardly exist in nature, unless it is given to it by human value judgment (Hargrove,

The Impressionism Vs Post Impressionism Film Studies Essay

The Impressionism Vs Post Impressionism Film Studies Essay Impressionism was a movement or style of painting that originated and developed in France in 1870s and distinguished by its focus on the immediate impression produced by a landscape or scene and use of the primary colors to replicate actual reflected light. The style was characterized mainly by the use of intense colors, open composition, light and movement and brush strokes. The roots of impressionism are the early 19th century plein-air painting methods by the Barbizon school and naturalism of Camille Corot. Impressionists specialized mainly in genre scenes and landscapes. They were mainly concerned with producing visual reality in their paintings in terms of fleeting effects of color and light (Gunderson 35). The pioneers of impressionism included Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Manet and Degas. Monet was one of the most celebrated impressionists of his time. He was best known for his landscape painting. He particularly concentrated on painting the instant changes in nature. For instance, if nature changed color after a short while, Monet would blindly follow the change in his paintings to depict the true color of nature. Another painter who was revered was Manet. At the age of 29 years, he was reputed as the leading realistic painter (Halliwell 45). He was noted mainly for his reinterpretation of neoclassical themes and his approach to oil painting. The main characteristics of impressionism was a sense of immediacy, emphasis on light and its changes in quality, appearance of movement, unusual visual angles, overall effect rather than detail and visual brush strokes. Impressionists sought to capture and display nature at instants. They wanted to depict the changes in nature through paintings. They also aimed at showing the movements of the various phenomena in nature through art. The stylistic developments of impressionism included the use of short and broken brushstrokes that hardly convey forms, use of pure unmixed colors, and emphasis on the effect of light. Post-impressionism, on the other hand, was a style or movement of painting that sought to break away from the naturalism of impressionism and used color in expressive ways like expression of emotions rather than just optical impressions. Post-impressionists rejected the random spontaneity exercised by impressionists in favor of measured painting techniques based in science and study of optics (Nochlin 136). They believed that separate touches of interlaced color produced a higher vibrancy of color than what was being practiced by the impressionists. The main proponents of post-impressionism include Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, and Vincent van Gogh. The most influential person in post-impressionism is Georges Seurat. He is considered the father of post-impressionism. His styles of painting signaled a new trend that shifted from the traditional impressionism. He introduced a new style of painting known as pointillism or divisionism that sought to employ a scientific approach in the use of color. This led to a shift from impressionism, which concentrated in using unmixed primary colors. His main technique was that of using weaving and layering brushstrokes. This enabled him to achieve tapestry-like paint surfaces that depicted complementary and contrasting hues. This made his works to be admired by even other great post-impressionists like Vincent van Gogh making him to be of a great influence to later artists. Seuratà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s influence on post-impressionism artists traversed many decades. This is seen in the works of later artists like Charles Angrand whose work greatly resembled that of Seurat. Another great post-impressionist was Paul Cezanne. Paul Cezanne was a French artist. He was one of the main founders of post-impressionism and his works laid the foundation of the shift from impressionism to post-impressionism (Halliwell 86). His main style of painting was the use short and loaded brushstrokes, a style b orrowed from impressionism. Vincent van Gogh, on the other hand, was a Dutch post-impressionist. His work was notable for its bold color, emotional honesty and rough beauty. Vincent was one of the most influential post-impressionism artists as his work had great influence on art in the 20th century. His love for art began when he was a small child and this would influence his decision to become an artist in his later years. During his lifetime, Vincent produced over 2100 artworks. Paul Gauguin was a French post-impressionism artist. He was one of the artists whose work highly influenced the shift from impressionism to post-impressionism, though he was recognized and appreciated until he died. He was renowned for his experimental use of color and introduction of the synthetist style of art which has had a big influence on the modern art. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was a French painter. He is best known for depicting the colorful and theatrical life in Paris in art. This led to production of provocative, elegant and exciting images of life in those days. Together with the likes van Gogh, Gauguin and Cezanne, he was among the post-impressionists that greatly influenced the shift from impressionism (Halliwell 92). Post-impressionism was characterized by many styles due to contribution of each artist. These artists could not agree on a common style of painting. However, their main aim was to shift from impressionism. Some of the styles that characterized the early impressionism art included the detailed painting of a particular landscape, which was mainly employed by Cezanne. This was in a bid to move away from the overall effect style of impressionists. Cezanne sought to depict greater pictorial structure of nature. Another style that was prevalent among post-impressionists was the use of symbolic and expressive content. Artists like Gauguin created paintings from imagination or memory (Stein et al 58). They expressed in their works a great connection with subject that inspired the works. Post-impressionists also placed emphasis on harmony in terms of surface design. The main differences between impressionism and post-impressionism are that impressionists sought to capture nature in its original and primitive state while post-impressionists sought to involve their imagination and memory in their works. Impressionists detached themselves from their works while post-impressionist sought to involve their emotions and expressions in their works. Another difference between impressionism and post-impressionism was that impressionism was mainly characterized with simple and overall depiction of nature while post-impressionism sought to depict details of the works of art and nature. They sought to show the still nature of life while impressionists wanted to show nature in motion (Nochlin 87). Post-impressionism as a form of art was mainly concerned with abstract depiction of works art through imagination while impression sought a realistic depiction of nature. The two works of art that bring out the differences between impressionism and post-impressionis m is the Birth of Venus by Adolphe-William Bouguereau and the Harvester by Jules Adolphe. The two paintings depict the kind of ideals held in the two schools of thought. For instance, in the painting the Birth of Venus, there is evidence of activity. The portray shows immediacy of the scene where the momentary activities of the people are captured. There is also evidence of movement with everyone involved in some activity. There is also the basic use of color where one color is used to paint one scene. On the contrary, the Harvester is a timeless portrait that is detailed (Stein et al 78). There is a combination of reality and imagination in the painting of the portrait. For instance, though the artist the harvester as a commoner, he gives her the beauty not common with commoners. There is also a combination of colors in the portrait.