Obesity and its many health concerns Research Paper

Obesity and its many health concerns - Research Paper Example This was owing to the alarming increase in the number of people suffering from this problem as well as the serious health risks that an individual is exposed to owing to this health condition. Obesity is a life hampering condition which tends to affect the living of an individual and this issue needs to be dealt with in the best possible manner to control the rise in the number of people suffering from this problem (McCambridge 2006). . The statistics of obesity have been increasing at a very fast pace in the United States of America. The situation has become very grave owing to the fact that it has been analyzed that United States has the highest rates of obesity in comparison to the other countries across the globe. In the year 2010, it was seen that one out of every five people in the United States suffered from the problem of increased weight. This showed a substantial increase in comparison to the year 1991 when one out of every eight individuals had weight above the normal limi ts. Furthermore, it has been highlighted that the rate of obesity has increased by more than three times in comparison to the year 1961. Dr. ... According to the similar report the number of adults who have weight above normal limits and are obese ranges to about 130 million (Bass III 2011; Huber 2010; McCambridge 2006). It has been highlighted that obesity is a pathological condition that poses many risks for the human health. The Department of Health and Human Services indicated the fact that the obese individuals laid a greater burden on the healthcare system of the country and hundred billion dollars have to be diverted every year towards the healthcare costs on the obese individuals. It has also been analyzed that obesity related pathologies are responsible for the death of 300,000 people in the United States (Bass III 2011; Huber 2010). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have set standards to check for the individuals who suffer from obesity. The Body Mass Index is the widely used calculation for checking obesity. This index utilizes the height and the weight of the person to calculate the results of the amo unt of fat present in a person’s body. The result is compared with a standard chart which has the different BMI values according to the sex and the age of the individuals. This indicates the fact that the BMI values differ from one person to owing to different BMI values for different ages and sexes. The CDC has laid guidelines that all individuals who have a BMI ranging from 25 to 29.9 suffer from increased weight and those individuals who have a BMI above 30 suffer from obesity (Bass III 2011; McCambridge 2006). There has been great emphasis laid upon childhood obesity and obesity amongst the younger age groups. This is owing to the fact that forty percent of

Manila Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Manila Motor Company Essay In May 1954, Manila Motor Company filed in the Municipal Court of Manila a complaint to recover from Manuel T. Flores the amount of P1,047.98 as chattel mortgage installments which fell due in September 1941. Defendant pleaded prescription:chanroblesvirtuallawlibrary 1941 to 1954. The complaint was dismissed. On appeal, the Court of First Instance saw differently, sustaining Plaintiff’s contention that the moratorium laws had interrupted the running of the prescriptive period, and that deducting the time during which said laws were in operation — three years and eight months 1 — the ten-year term had not yet elapsed when complainant sued for collection in May 1954. Wherefore said court ordered the return of the case to the municipal judge for trial on the merits. Defendant appealed. Issue: Whether or not the moratorium laws did not have the effect of suspending the period of limitations, because they were unconstitutional, as declared by this court in Rutter vs. Esteban, 49 Off. Held: In Montilla vs. Pacific Commercial SC held that the moratorium laws suspended the period of prescription. That was rendered after the Rutter-Esteban decision. It should be stated however, in fairness to Appellant, that the Montilla decision came down after he had submitted his brief. And in answer to his main contention, the following portion is quoted from a resolution of this Court. Rutter vs. Esteban (93 Phil., 68) may be construed to mean that at the time of the decision the Moratorium law could no longer be validly applied because of the prevailing circumstances. At any rate, although the general rule is that an unconstitutional statute  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Ëœconfers no right, creates no office, affords no protection and justifies no acts performed under it.’ (11 Am. Jur., pp. 828, 829.) There are several instances wherein courts, out of equity, have relaxed its operation (cf. notes in Cooley’s Constitutional Limitations 8th ed., p. 383 and Notes 53 A. L. R., 273) or qu alified its effects ‘since the actual existence of a statute prior to such declaration is an operative fact, and may have consequences which cannot justly be ignored’ (Chicot County vs. Baster, 308 U. S., 371) and a realistic approach is eroding the general doctrine (Warring vs. Colpoys, 136 Am. Law Rep., 1025, 1030).† Judgment affirmed, without costs.

Ideology and Political Education Development Research

Ideology and Political Education Development Research A study on College Students Ideological and political education from the perspective of system harmony and traditional culture Summary In this paper, we analyze the unique paradigm of ideological and political education, ideological and political education of traditional paradigms no longer meet the growth of university students, by ideological and political education paradigm from Monologue to dialogue conversion, combined with the actual college students, give full play to college students the role of ideological and political education paradigm. The arrival of the era of big data, not only brings opportunities to the ideological and political education of college students, but also posed a serious challenge. Virtual social identity shaken the existing system, a profound impact on the ideological and political education environment, threats Students privacy and how to interpret scientific data become big new issues. Promote ideological and political education work based on large data Mechanism Innovation students, educators to enhance their level of information, to take a scientific means to enhance the ef fectiveness of large data acquisition, based on innovation paradigm of big data, improve the relevant rules and regulations, Big Data Application processing procedures, accurately grasp the ideological trend of dynamic students, sharing complex associated data. From Effectiveness departure ideological and political education, noting that the era of ideological and political education needs paradigm shift, put forward the ideological and political education paradigm shift orientation: Students diversification purposes of ideological and political education, humanity; target specific ideological and political education technology, equalization; ideological and political education of life, flexible technology; ideological and political education means of penetration, interactive. Four aspects of ideological and political education of the people Paradigm conducted a preliminary inquiry, hoping to take this direction to ensure the ideological and political education Paradigm successfully converted. Keywords Students; ideological and political education; paradigm shift; teaching evaluation; orientation Ideological and political education involving teaching paradigm major culvert and Research Paradigm Paradigm these two core level, the traditional ideological and political education paradigm into a monologue instead of focusing on an increasingly prominent theory diehard Lack of Realistic. For ideological and political education of college students real practical results, the building is conducive College Students Growth paradigm of ideological and political education has become essential, which also makes educators actively seek reasonable paradigm ideological and political education has become inevitable. Ideological and political education refers to a certain class, political parties, social groups with certain ideas, political views, ethics, applied to its members purposeful, planned, organized influence, so that they meet certain social formation, a certain class of the social practice needs moral character. Ideological and political education is a relatively independent of the particular system, there are more perfect the basic theory, basic concepts and basic methods, educators to certain ideological and political education and information by means of a certain carrier media, effectively act on the process of college students . Common body in the ideological and political education, some common beliefs or views on the ideological and political educators recognized in the field of education and ideological and political nature of the Institute of Theoretical support, produced a series of ideological and political education ideas and genres, formed the ideological and political diversified Education development Paradigm. Ideological and political education paradigm is that people has occurred in the ideological and political education of views held, general way of thinking and thinking framework, its core is the way of thinking. Thought educators engaged in educational activities, follows the norms, ways of thinking, mode of education, experience and learn from others through examples and so called ideological and political education paradigm, the paradigm ideological and political education mainly with the characteristics of ideological and political education of college students formed unique educational system, it provides tools for the concept of ideological and political education of college students. Construction of ideological and political education paradigm is both ideological and political education of practical reason and call return, but also a reflection on the value of ideological and political education and the integration of scientific rationality. Despite ideological and political education paradigm undisputed facts, but because of the special nature of the ideological and political education, the division of its type paradigm has divergent views. Depending on the standard paradigm of ideological and political education can be divided into different types. According to the different fields of application, the ideological and political education into ideological and political paradigm Education Paradigm and Paradigm. Teaching Paradigm is the path of ideological and political workers in the teaching practice followed, an important factor in the ideological and political education concepts, theories and techniques routes include. Paradigm is the ideological and political education theory researchers to obtain results of a path of thinking, conduct and mode of discourse. According to the status of ideological and political education, the content and methods of three perspectives, ideological and political education models can be classified as instrumental paradigm ideological and political education, ideological and political education knowledge-based paradigm and instill ideological and political education paradigm. Instrumental ideological and political education is an educational paradigm based on the existing ideological and political education in society to define, and the ideological and political education as a tool for countries in need of salvation, contrary to the nature of the ideological and political education, shelter human values ideological and political education paradigm function and meaning of functions. Knowledge-based paradigm of ideological and political education is an educational paradigm in accordance with the content of ideological and political education to define, excessive pursuit of knowledge economy era thirst for knowl edge, ideological and political education lost its essential function of teaching people to learn in life. Type instill ideological and political education paradigm is to educate those who use mechanical, simple way to inject educated fixed values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and behavior required for specific social habits educational paradigm from teaching methods to the existing level of ideological and political education to define the way of education advocating simple infusion method, the object will be placed in the educated, passive acceptance of the status. Based on ideological and political education to understand the nature, it can be divided into ideological and political education paradigm paradigm and text Humanistic Paradigm. Text paradigm is to the book-oriented, policy-oriented policy document from the theory of ideological and political education philosophy and time mode. It is talk about abstract theory while ignoring students practical, pay attention to the text while ignoring students need logic, summed up only heavy books, than to men present. Humanistic Paradigm people-oriented, to meet the reasonable needs of people play human body, promote personal improvement and achieve comprehensive human development as the purpose and the starting point of ideological and political education. Students believe that education is both the object and the subject is education, not only education, guidance, encouragement, and respect, understanding, care and help students grow talent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At any time, ideological and political education in the ideological field will not disappear, cultivate socialist builders and successors, maintain its existing regime is always the same mission. However, in the ideological and political education course in order to achieve the set goals, we need to take into account the relationship between good individual needs and social needs, adhere to the people-oriented, and only in this way can always get peoples sincere support and cooperation in the implementation process. Marxist ideological and political education science paradigm is to be the times produced, it only emphasizes the social function of ideological and political education, but also take into account the individual features of ideological and political education, new perspective and height to locate the object of ideological and political education scientific and rational handling of the relationship between social needs and the needs of the individual. R ound development of people has become the main theme of ideological and political education. Purpose of ideological and political education in modern society continues to be diversified, humane, this is not a historical regression, on the contrary, ideological and political education of college students is in self-denial and constantly explore new trend of ideological and political education of survival and development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affected specific social environment, collectivism, value orientation in all areas of China has been fully developed and carried forward. This tendency to pursue the centrality of collective interests, the collective interests of one-dimensional thinking absolute priority in order to achieve collective interests, to achieve the desired goal of collective, personal interest in a certain range is weakened, or even limit. This situation is reflected in the ideological and political education objects, particularly reflected in the university student body, the college students is abstract, and college students into a passive capital of the people. Anti-Japanese War and the process of socialist construction, it unifies the ideological, college students gather strength, greatly enhancing the capacity-building and the construction of a new socialist enthusiasm of Chinese college students, the history of the mountain had also once appeared Students the countryside, the de velopment of the western region and other boom, visible contribution to the construction of the motherland Students tremendous power. However, with the economic and social development, multiculturalism began life full of college students, college students consciousness continues awakening, significantly enhanced sense of independence, this time should have timely adjustment of the kind of neglect, even limiting ideological and political education of college students individual needs, However, due to the lag of action, combined with ideological and political education for ideological and political education to understand the function of individual weaknesses, so that ideological and political education in modern society has become a university student can not fully reflect the thoughts of college students from reality pure class life. So, the social philosophical paradigm ideological and political education is facing serious challenges in modern society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Common body in the ideological and political education, some common beliefs or views on the ideological and political educators recognized in the field of education and ideological and political nature of the Institute of Theoretical support, produced a series of ideological and political education ideas and genres, formed the ideological and political diversified Education development Paradigm. A. Meaning Education Paradigm Ideological and political education paradigm is that people has occurred in the ideological and political education of views held, general way of thinking and thinking framework, its core is the way of thinking. Thought educators engaged in educational activities, follows the norms, ways of thinking, mode of education, experience and learn from others through examples and so called ideological and political education paradigm, the paradigm ideological and political education mainly with the characteristics of ideological and political education of college students formed unique educational system, it provides tools for the concept of ideological and political education of college students. Construction of ideological and political education paradigm is both ideological and political education of practical reason and call return, but also a reflection on the value of ideological and political education and the integration of scientific rationality. B. Path Selection Despite ideological and political education paradigm undisputed facts, but because of the special nature of the ideological and political education, the division of its type paradigm has divergent views. Depending on the standard paradigm of ideological and political education can be divided into different types. According to the different fields of application, the ideological and political education into ideological and political education Paradigm Paradigm and Paradigm. Teaching Paradigm is the path of ideological and political workers in the teaching practice followed, an important factor in the ideological and political education concepts, theories and techniques routes include. Paradigm is the ideological and political education theory researchers to obtain results of a path of thinking, conduct and mode of discourse. An educational paradigm, ideological and political education as a tool for countries in need of salvation, contrary to the nature of the ideological and political education, ideological and political education paradigm obscured human value function and meaning of functions. Knowledge-based paradigm of ideological and political education is an educational paradigm in accordance with the content of ideological and political education to define, excessive pursuit of knowledge economy era thirst for knowledge, ideological and political education lost its essential function of teaching people to learn in life. Type instill ideological and political education paradigm is to educate those who use mechanical, simple way to inject educated fixed values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and behavior required for specific social habits educational paradigm from teaching methods to the existing level of ideological and political education to define the way of education advocating simple infusi on method, the object will be placed in the educated, passive acceptance of the status. Based on ideological and political education to understand the nature, it can be divided into ideological and political education paradigm paradigm and text Humanistic Paradigm. Text paradigm is to the book-oriented, policy-oriented policy document from the theory of ideological and political education philosophy and time mode. It is talk about abstract theory while ignoring students practical, pay attention to the text while ignoring students need logic, summed up only heavy books, than to men present. Humanistic Paradigm people-oriented, to meet the reasonable needs of people play human body, promote personal improvement and achieve comprehensive human development as the purpose and the starting point of ideological and political education. Students believe that education is both the object and the subject is education, not only education, guidance, encouragement, and respect, understanding, care and help students grow talent. C. Predicament and Breakthrough Bearing on the ideological and political education paradigm abstract scientific theory, then under the specific educational practice, it is join the ideological and political education theory and practice of ties and bridges. The current lot of ideological and political education paradigm was unable to meet the needs of development of college students, ideological and political education must be based on Marxist epistemology and methodology as a starting point, strive to get rid of the existing paradigm fetters, build a reasonable paradigm, the students of human dignity, freedom, happiness and overall development as the ultimate concern of ideological and political education, students fairness, tolerance, integrity, independence, self-reliance, self-consciousness and ideas. From the ideological and political education paradigm type of view, instrumental only pay attention to ideological and political education paradigm social needs, ignoring the overall development of the people, who put their professional education as a means to earn a living, pay attention to the teaching of the theory of norms preaching, not too much consider the relationship between political theory and the development of students, and students is that learning is the ideological and political theory needs of the country, we need to test, regardless of their own development, not to be combined with their own growth, there is no urgent need to learn, eventually leading to the ideological and political education value lost. Knowledge-based ideological and political education paradigm of the function of ideological and political education is only limited to imparting knowledge level, the ideological and political education equivalent to the intellectual, focusing on students knowledge indoctrination, ignoring the student body characteristics, according to the students knowledge learning logic to arrange teaching, moral education to make educated, humanistic value of training style education, ideological and political education is lost. Instill type of ideological and political education paradigm emphasizes subjectivity body, ignoring subjectivity object, ignoring the object carried by the culture, interests, needs and realities of life factors likely to cause differences in ideals and beliefs of society and college students real desire between educational purposes and human development out of touch, ideological and political education by subjectivity lost. D. Significance of Education Ideological and political education paradigm coupling ideological and political education and ideological and political education community, education is the intermediary between the subject and object of education. Reasonable ideological and political education paradigm, ideological and political education subject and object of education closely linked, so that the subject of education, education and education paradigm object organic education recognize the overall composition. Paradigm has a point to ideological and political education practice features and content, can be thought of education, practice methods lead to a common paradigm-based research who are committed to the same rules and standards in the practice of science. Formation of ideological and political education paradigm established a common belief common body of ideological and political education groups, ways of thinking and common theoretical basis, so that researchers from scattered to integration, relatively close, you can conduct in-depth exchanges of academic community. The researchers thinking, ideas and methods of ideological and political education focused on the existing problems, to keep the achievements that have been made to deepen. Ideological and political education is the ideological and political education paradigm real-world complexity in the method for decomposing the ideological and political education, paradigm, once formed, it will have a strong vitality, when the paradigm can not be used to explain and guide the resolution of the ideological and political education in the field most problems, paradigm shift will occur. Therefore, the current ideological and political education paradigm from monologue to dialogue with the conversion will be the ideological and political education theory and practice to promote the in-depth and in full swing. Big Data era, many privacy protective efficacy have shown a downward trend, whereas the previous privacy protection mechanisms have also been hit hard, for example, in anonymity, blurring and other aspects, its role is gradually reduced, and the new set up for the protection of privacy institutional mechanisms right is also facing many challenges. Fast developed communication technology, social development and structural change and gradually form a network of virtual structure, are showing growing trend change. The newly formed venture is likely to be caused by the use of advanced technological means to prevent and defuse the risk, not only of the existing system is facing greater challenges of identity, and even lead to the acceleration of normal social order into chaos. Thought awareness and value judgments big boost Students wave data from the network for more internet. It is due to the growing diversity of the characteristics of the network information content presented on both the mainstream concept of a strong impact, one-way interaction between the members of society as a guide for both methods produced profound effects sexuality, network development process by showing innovative mode of transmission for both itself has produced a strong challenge stereotyping. To enhance the ideological and political education, ideological and political education workers is an urgent need for large data essence, features in-depth understanding, and thus establish a large data thinking, that is comprehensive, ambiguity, open mind, and ultimately to develop a scientific accurate large data collection, and analysis judged the ability to choose. Big data can threaten the privacy and freedom of college students, exacerbated by its dependence on big data. Related Information Students Internet use is likely to be compromised, even by others or some unscrupulous people to grasp. Meanwhile, college students are actually a lot of information of the data, a dedicated, the corresponding database information system. Therefore, those in the more vulnerable party information university administrators and students will seriously affect the effectiveness of ideological and political education, which seriously threaten student privacy issues. In the data age, social dependence on big data is growing, but the reliability and interpretation of scientific certainty how big data is becoming a challenge in todays society. If the poor quality of the collected data is large, reach the quantification purposes, data analysis, there is bound to highly misleading or even wrong. Standardized data to test the ideological and political quality of college students on a comprehensive assessment of its university set reasonable incentive issues, whether objectively reasonable to highlight the desired quality of teachers? For these problems, data analysis is difficult to ensure the reliability of conclusions. At the same time, gradually to the era of big data transformation process, we can not accurately predict the existence of data between non-objectivity and even misleading, as similar risks if not addressed, will affect the Ideological and Political Education Effectiveness. Advanced information technology to continuously promote ideological and political education and the high degree of integration between information technology, it has become an inevitable choice of ideological and political education of college students study. Opportunity data Ideological and Political Education in the following areas. A. Enhance the comprehensive study Big data can be used to record the ideological and political education of the complete process. Through data integration platform to build, constantly bringing together public data relating to a public network platform and network questionnaire presented, can fully understand the needs of contemporary college students, more personalized service to student growth and success; the original resource data, intermediate outcomes to be three-dimensional applications, so that the ideological trend of college students to highlight the problem and empirical quantification, with a distinct sense of the times and lead, is conducive to strengthening the whole dynamic of research on college students ideological; through the collection of data and large campus induction, both ideological and understand the whole picture, living conditions, concluded that sampling can not be obtained, but also validate previous findings by the full sample data, discover the intrinsic correlation between data to pre dict trends, which has targeted to carry on the thinking and behavior of college students early warning. B. Scientific structure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the rapid development of information era, microblogging, letter, forum, Baidu Post Bar and BBS and other social media use has become college students space for free speech, mobile phones, tablet PCs and other mobile network terminal equipment, in favor of the Internet to view the information, opinions and participate in the network a hot topic, so in a timely manner crawl structured data and unstructured data, data-oriented, structured process to become a reality. Universities also through the campus network and campus card business and other relatively sophisticated systems have been built up, the gradual accumulation of student data, overall objective and accurate simulation of diversity. C. The depth of excavation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rich data types between the depth of data mining association offers the possibility, through rapid data calculations can quickly synchronize even reflect the real life world, reflect the students thinking, living, learning situation. Compared to traditional static data, sync data with higher reliability, which overcomes the shortcomings of inference based on experience or intuition. Ideological and political education by restructuring the data, revealing the depth of the problem difficult to deal with the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹dynamic or unpredictable, is conducive to play a personalized education, easier to promote the health of students, so as to enhance the ideological and political education work effective. D. Scientific research methods   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Big Data is changing the existing forms of communication, new media presents a series of distinctive features, such as data, personalization, etc., are at large continue to strengthen the development of the background data, and presents many new changes. Large data-based terminal and new media content hosted, for the audience to provide more detailed information and personalized service. In the field of ideological and political education, through a complex network analysis, large-scale data collection and other scientific methods, significantly enhances the Science of Humanities and Social Sciences Research. E. Analysis on Ideological and Political Education to University Students Big Data Based   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How reasonable and lawful access to large data college students, and scientific and effective analysis and Interpretations, ideological and political education workers become urgent to resolve the issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The presence of harmful information on the proliferation of network, such as violence, false advertising, pornographic sites, etc., have increasingly become the new network nuisance. How quickly and accurately tease out the information in the complicated wave of the required information has become a major problem. Data mining era of big data needs depth, the complete use of structured, semi-structured and unstructured variety crawler. Data Source is currently working with the Students Ideological closely related, there are four categories: One is the campus Web site, including the campus network, the official micro-Bo, the student network platform, various departments of office automation platform, anti-technology platform and campus security services campus card platform. The main source of such data contains the students academic performance, classroom attendance, borrow books, the campus card consumption, awards, funded situation, employment intentions and oth er individual sample data. The second is social media, such as microblogging, letter, forum, paste it, quiz communities, social networking sites, the main source of such data to reflect public opinion and association between samples society. The third is the search engines, such as Baidu, Google and so on, this kind of data by searching the index highlights major social hotspots and trends. The fourth is the portal, such as Peoples Daily, Xinhua, Sina, Netease, mainly reflecting the social hot and students attention and relevance feedback. F. Data Mining   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Better access to useful data, need to determine the so-called keyword parameters on the basis of huge amounts of data collected on. The keyword is just not enough, we also need an interdisciplinary group of experts from fields such as management, computer science and other disciplines. Hadhoop is currently the more popular access to massive data information platform, through this platform, any individual or organization can own needs related to data mining. College authorities can collect various types of structured, semi-structured data is processed through hadhoop platform to educate students to obtain useful information. G. Big Data Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Big data analysis is a huge amount of data to search, compare, clustering, statistical analysis, to explore the correlation between the data to arrive at the appropriate conclusions. Depending on the problem, the use of the ideological and political education, sociology, psychology and other related theories selecting different analytical methods, such as regression analysis, neural network method, and select the appropriate point of observation and quantification procedures. In particular, the use of visualization technology, the data can be converted to describe the state of mind, thinking and behavior of college students in a profound grasp of the development on the basis of ideological and timely manner to dynamic analysis, forecasting and guidance, to explore the ideological development of the law of Students. Conclusion Information collection and analysis process is a key step in the ideological and political education, ideological and political education research paradigm to innovate, and constantly improve the level of quantitative analysis. To this end, efforts need to do the following: First, the resource-rich and data-related departments, media and enterprises to carry out extensive cooperation, with its advantages of large volumes of data, legal compliance dig Students relevant information to formulate and improve ideological and political education policy provide a scientific basis; the second is to create suitable for all levels of ideological and political education work in big data platform, and further work to establish long-term effective mechanism for data collection and analysis process; third is to actively set up an interdisciplinary research group, give full play to the advantages of multi-disciplinary , formation of force; Fourth, identify the starting point and focus thought Stude nts collected information, and effectively improve the timeliness of information analysis, both online and offline from good grasp of the overall state of mind contact with the student population and various events between more emphasis on the accumulation of individual data of students, revealing the depth of individual thinking and behavior situation, and then to carry out personalized, customized educational activities to provide strong support, in order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of different types of ideological and political education.

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Essay -- Health Medical Biology Biological

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Located on the X chromosome lies a gene whose improper function would take from us what we often sloppily overlook -- our mobility. The freedom to dance with poise, to run with agility, to dress one’s self, to bend over and scoop a dropped pencil off the floor are all motions which are only dreamt of by those with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. An X-linked recessive disorder which can be exhibited in both males and females, DMD is most prominent in males, affecting 3500 boys in the world (McKusick). DMD affects muscle -- skeletal, smooth, and cardiac -- by causing degeneration (McKusick). Diagnosis occurs around five years old, and by age ten, a wheelchair is often necessary for the patient. The skeletal muscle degeneration is followed by the eventual deterioration of digestion and of the urinary tract. The onset of this is about age fifteen, and cardiac muscle failure occurs around age twenty-one, making the lives of patients with DMD end around age seventeen (McKusick). The gene whose mutation causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is one that codes for the protein dystrophin (Bulman et al. 457). The gene for DMD was discovered first through gene cloning, and only later was the protein that it codes for, dystrophin, discovered (Evans et al. 310). Because of these two discoveries, diagnosis can occur by examining the gene or by looking for the presence of the protein dystrophin (Evans et al. 310). The disease can be detected at any age. In fact, a procedure has been developed which can diagnose DMD in utero using a muscle biopsy of the fetus (Evans et al. 310). Located on the X chromosome, the locus designation of the dystrophin gene is Xp21.2 (McKusick). This dystrophin gene has over 70 exons, an... ...ular Dystropy in a Female Fetus ‘Suddenly at Risk’.† American Journal of Medical Genetics 46 (1993): 309-312. McKusick, V.A.; Hamosh, A.; Brennan, P.; Smith, M.; Antonarakis, S.E.; Hurko, O. 310200 Muscular Dystrophy, Pseudohypertrophic Progressive, Duchenne and Becker Types. 24 February 1999. Online. Internet. 29 March 1999. Available http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dismim?/310200 Mendell, J.R.; Kissel, J.T.; Amato, A.A.; King, W.; Signore, L.; Prior, T.W.; Sahenk, Z.; Benson, S.; McAndrew, P.E.; Rice, R.; Nagaraja, H.; Stephens, R.; Lantry, L.; Morris, G.E.; Burghes, A.H.M. â€Å"Myoblast Transfer in the Treatment of Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy.† The New England Journal of Medicine 13 (1995): 832-838. NCBI Genes and Disease Map: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Online. Internet. 29 March 1999. Available http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/DMD.html

A Stereotypical Teenager Essay

Loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good†¦ these are just a few of a wide number of stereotypes that are attributed to American teenagers. What is it about teenagers that make the rest of society seem to turn against them? I believe that there are many misconceptions about teenagers. Many people in different generations sincerely believe that all teenagers are up to no good, and are guaranteed trouble no matter where they are. I am not arguing that teenagers like that don’t exist, because there are plenty of them out there, but it bothers me that one type of teenager has been able to spoil the image of all other teenagers. Personally I think that these stereotypes apply more to me because I am a male. In addition to being a male teenager, I also have noticed that people think negatively of me because I wear a longer hair style than what is typically expected in society. Some people grow long hair to show rebellion, or to be unique, but I wouldn’t classify myself into either of those categories, I simply enjoy having it more than short hair. But because of that, many members of society link certain stereotypes of male teenagers to me because I show long hair. I could be considered many different things including: rebellious, troubled, angry, arrogant, or any other sort of stereotype out there. How could anyone possibly claim to know all of these false accusations simply based on my age, and my gender? At times it can be bothersome when people take certain precautions around teenagers, because they believe that we are all reckless, and dangerous. Parents will cross to the opposite side of the street with their kids, people clear sidewalks when walking, other drivers tense up on the road, and all while this is happening, other people will keep one eye carefully watching, just to make sure that all of the rotten teenagers don’t do anything dangerous. I sometimes think that people see me and other teenagers as giant, shiny explosives that are about to detonate, so everyone else needs to distance themselves as much and as quickly as possible. Just because a teenager happens to be walking around outside, that should in no way trigger a response where people feel that it isn’t safe to be near  teenagers. Although it does bother me, I can also see a point of view where I would do the same thing. If I saw someone outside that looked a little bit off-beat to me, I would most likely go a different path as well. However, that raises the question, why does society take in all of these stereotypes and live all of their lives believing false statements? All of it is ridiculous I believe. Anyone that knows me will be able to explain that I am the exact opposite of a stereotypical teenager, so no one should need to take precautions if they see me out somewhere. A stereotypical teenager would most likely be thought of being connected to alcohol, tobacco, and drugs in some way, shape, or form; I on the other hand do not do any of those things, and am strongly against them. Because I do not consider myself anywhere close to a stereotypical teenager, it does bother me when people mistake me for doing those types of activities. All of these common stereotypes don’t do any good for the people who actually work hard, and try to do something with their lives. For many people, stereotyping does more than just become a bothersome hassle. For a handful of teenagers, the effect of stereotyping makes them feel pressured into behaving like a stereotypical teenager. For example, some people do drugs and alcohol because they are expected to by society’s stereotypes, so someone may think, â€Å"Oh, I am a teenager now, I guess because other people are drinking then I have to as well.† I don’t even see peer pressure as that much of an issue here, people tend to start drinking or doing drugs voluntarily; more often than not, there isn’t peer pressure that is forcing them into doing something. And that creates an entire roundabout of madness. To simplify this; many people start acting like stereotypical teenagers, because they feel that they need to in order to be a â€Å"normal† teenager. But that in turn makes society cast out teenagers, when it is actually those same members of society who created these stereotypes for teenagers to follow. In reality, there are several statistics that illustrate a decline in teenage drug abuse, alcoholism, and teenage pregnancy, yet stereotypes still exist (Poole). Are all teenagers loud, obnoxious, rebellious, out of control, and up to no good? Obviously not, there is no way that every single teenager in the world  could fit that description. And yet, society still labels every teenager in the world by a description very similar to that. The few teenagers that live a life similar to that have managed to destroy the image of every teenager that happens to be a good kid. It seems that hardworking, determined, and honest teenagers don’t have a place in the world anymore. They are out there, and ready to be noticed, but the rest of society has chosen to view them in the same manner as the bad crowds that exist in the teenage population. Quite strange, that the model teenager that is acceptable in society is not taken seriously. Why does society view superior teenagers that way? It is not only teenagers; it is everybody in the world. No person will ever be right in prejudicing someone, no matter who they are.

Glaxo Wellcome Mini Case

Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Mini-case Report April 2, 2007 [pic] Executive Summary Glaxo Wellcome Inc’s primary business is to market prescription products to physicians and health care providers. One of the top three pharmaceutical firms in the world, Glaxo Wellcome Inc. held about 4 percent of the worldwide prescription pharmaceutical market. The U. K. based company was formed in 1995 when Glaxo Pharmaceuticals acquired Burroughs Wellcome. While the company is based in the U. K. , the U. S. market represented approximately 40 percent of worldwide sales while the U. K. produced about seven percent. As of 1997 Glaxo Wellcome Inc. had 22 local operating companies in nine countries including the U. S. Because of the harsh requirements of the Food and Drug administration (FDA) most products are introduced in one of the other eight countries before seeking U. S. approval. Migraine medicine is a primary growth area for Glaxo. The company was first to manufacture and market triptans, a new class of prescription migraine medicine. Triptans were launched in 1993 and work specifically on the 5HT-1 receptor sites believed to be the primary cause of migraine headaches. Imitrex was the first triptan produced and sold by Glaxo in the U. S. The concern now is how the company should best market the second-generation triptan by the company, Amerge. This will be the first time a pharmaceutical company has two prescription triptans available on the market. Problem Statement and Key Issues Glaxo Wellcome’s U. S. division faces the task of determining a positioning strategy for their new triptan, Amerge, to increase total market share in the currently underdeveloped migraine market. Not only should the marketing decisions combat pressure from competitors with comparable products, but also the pharmaceutical marketers must elevate the importance of the new product’s placement on the formularies of managed care plans. Additionally, the development of a direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising campaign that is informative and persuasive, without offending the medical community, must be included as a part of the positioning strategy. SWOT Anaylsis for Glaxo Wellcome Inc. Strengths: Seen as a reliable prescription drug manufacturer, therefore has a positive reputation †¢ Global company with 4% of the worldwide prescription pharmaceutical market †¢ Company has a strong balance sheet and growth potential †¢ Imitrex dominates the migraine market as the first and only triptan available from 1995-1998 Weaknesses: †¢ Does not have a clear marketing strategy for the triptans †¢ Largely focused on competitor activity instead of growing market shar e †¢ FDA regulations create long approval periods The recent business combination of Glaxo Pharmaceuticals and Burroughs Wellcome in 1995 has created organizational challenges Opportunities: †¢ 90% of the migraine market is underdeveloped †¢ More marketing options include the ability to directly contact consumers as well as doctors and hospitals (in the U. S. division) †¢ Ability to market line extensions for new products such as Amerge †¢ Difficult for new competitors to enter the market because of R&D and approval processes Threats: †¢ Non-acceptance as a formulary of managed care plans Competitors’ products, such as Zomig, released before and out-performing Amerge †¢ Changes in healthcare legislation, including Medicaid and Medicare Alternative Courses of Action 1. Replacement Strategy: the U. K. division chose this plan of action, ceasing all promotion of Imigran (U. K. name brand for Imitrex) and positioning Naramig (the U. K. brand nam e for Amerge) as the recommended drug to start treatment of migraine patients. The replacement strategy results met Glaxo U. K. expectations, but damaged the growth of Imigran and did not prevent Zomig from successfully entering the market. Furthermore, the U. K. market has two major differences from the U. S. market: pharmaceutical companies cannot legally advertise their products to consumers, and the health care system is socialized. The implications of these two differences in terms of positioning strategies are vast. The inability to utilize DTC advertising prevented the U. K. from successfully pursuing alternative positioning strategies, such patient-based segmentation, due to concerns about the physician’s ability to identify such segments and further confusing the prescribing process. Moreover, in a socialized health care system where patients are entitled to free medical care, patients can seek treatment easier and can be less involved in the prescribing process than in an insurance-based system where there is more monetary involvement. Although this strategy might communicate a clear message about the drug’s superiority, it would devalue the brand name built for Imitrex, drastically impacting its potential profitability as well as the ability to continue to recuperate the high investments already sunk into the R&D and marketing of Imitrex. . Competition Strategy: since Zomig is expected to be launched prior to the FDA approval of Amerge, Glaxo U. S. can position Amerge directly against Zomig. They can utilize their position as the market leader to leverage Amerge’s positioning as the true second-generation triptan providing the best relief on the market. Glaxo U. S. can back up their claims with the results from the UK where the majority of previou s non-triptan users prefer Naramig. Although this strategy could successfully prevent the competition Zeneca from gaining substantial market share through the marketing of a second-generation triptan, it would also devalue the Imitrex brand similar to the replacement strategy. 3. Pricing strategy: one of the weaknesses identified for Imitrex is its relatively high price in comparison to over the counter (OTC) medication, which is further exacerbated by the medication’s high rate of recurrence. Since most patients in the US pay either partially or fully for their medication, Amerge could be positioned as an affordable alternative to Imitrex. Amerge could be priced similar to OTC medications and its lower recurrence rate could be promoted to further emphasize its affordability. A possible downside to this strategy is devaluing the image of Glaxo Wellcome for physicians because of a perceived â€Å"lack of quality† that can accompany low priced products. On the positive side, it could detract from competitor’s noise and would allow Imitrex to continue in its position as the market leader. It could also improve the consumer perception of Glaxo Wellcome as a company that cares for patients that cannot afford expensive medication. 4. Lifestyle Segmentation Strategy: Glaxo U. S. could create an emotional appeal for Amerge by merging the facts about its efficacy, side effects and dosage with the feelings of patients. Prospective consumers seek treatment for their migraines not only to abate the pain, but also to be able to continue productivity in their lives during a migraine episode. Therefore, Amerge’s proven efficacy, combined with low risk of side effects, low recurrence rate and ease of administration could be used to promote it as the migraine medicine that â€Å"let’s you get on with life†. Unlike the pricing strategy, this course of action would emphasize the product benefits and thus would be more beneficial to Glaxo’s image. But similarly to the replacement and competition positioning strategies, it weakens Imitrex’s position in the marketplace. 5. Benefit-based Portfolio Strategy: Glaxo U. S. can present both migraine medicines as a portfolio of solutions to migraine pain. Amerge could be positioned as the â€Å"milder† new-generation triptan, and Imitrex could be repositioned as the â€Å"strongest and fastest† triptan with proven efficacy to treat acute pain. This positioning strategy would allow Glaxo U. S. to continue to reap the benefits from the marketing initiatives already invested in Imitrex, while utilizing its current standing as the market leader as a platform from which to launch Amerge. Possible drawbacks to this strategy include cannibalization of Imitrex sales as well as confusion in the minds of physicians and consumers as to which drug would be the best option for a patient. Recommendations Given the considerable expenditure in R&D and marketing of pharmaceuticals, we recommend that Glaxo U. S. choose the benefit-based portfolio strategy. We feel strongly that Glaxo U. S. should not abandon the efforts placed in the marketing of Imitrex, but rather leverage its current market position to support the launch of Amerge. We believe this strategy could effectively combat competitors’ efforts to enter the marketplace. The company can utilize DTC advertising to send a clear message of the benefits each drug offers to patients. Nevertheless, it is imperative that Glaxo U. S. also invest resources in conveying the right message to physicians and negotiating placement of both drugs on the formularies of managed care plans; otherwise the likelihood of switching to a different brand or forgoing treatment altogether increase significantly. With a portfolio strategy and clear differentiation among the products, Glaxo U. S. is better armed to capture the 90% of migraine sufferers that were not being medicated with a triptan as of 1997. Conclusion Although Glaxo Wellcome is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world it has many opportunities for growth and development. One of these opportunities is with the migraine medicines known as triptans. Although Glaxo already has one triptan on the market, there are still many migraine sufferers that are not being treated. With the benefit-based portfolio strategy Glaxo can market its second-generation triptan, Amerge to the millions of migraine sufferers.